Top-Rated AI Field Management Software Reviews

Deeply explore the best-rated AI Field Management Software solutions with features and pricing. Choose the right tool to optimize and streamline your field operations perfectly:

The realm of fieldwork isn’t easy. It is hectic and ripe with issues of mismanagement. Miscommunication, overscheduling, absent workers, and missed appointments are some typical complaints in this industry. Over the years, we’ve seen many companies fold because of one or numerous of these issues.

Simply put, fieldwork wasn’t easy to manage in the past and a company that dared to delve into this industry had to contend with a slew of disappointed and dissatisfied customers. Thanks to AI-powered solutions today, however, things are not the same anymore.

AI Field Service Management Software Solutions

Today, there are many AI-driven software solutions that you can use to streamline your field operations considerably, from scheduling and dispatching to invoicing. That said, the market has become saturated with hundreds of vendors promising the best solution for your business.

How do you make the right decisions when you have so many options? This is my expertise, and this article explains how. I’ve been experimenting with AI-powered solutions even before they went mainstream.

[image source]

To write this article, I considered my own practical knowledge and customer reviews to carefully choose 8 AI field management tools that are both user-friendly and highly functional.

Here is a video for your reference:

Who is this article for?

I can think of multiple individuals, companies, and stakeholders who can benefit from reading this AI field management review. Here’s who this article ends up serving:

• Field technicians
• Construction workers
• Electricians
• Plumbers
• Landscapers
• Energy workers.

Any company that engages in the work I’ve listed above will benefit immensely from this article.

How did we Pick the AI Field Management Tools Here

For software to be considered great at field management, I need it to possess some must-have qualities. Those are as follows:

1. User-friendly Interface: Field management tools will be used by professionals in the field who aren’t particularly tech-savvy. As such, you want the tool to feature a user-friendly interface that’s easy to navigate.
2. Automation: If one chooses an AI-powered tool, it is for the automation it guarantees. I picked tools that were known for utilizing a smart AI that could effortlessly automate various field management-related tasks.
3. Mobile App: All field management software I’ve mentioned on this list offers an iOS and Android mobile app. Field technicians and team leaders can use this app to stay connected, collaborate, and access data to get their jobs done efficiently.
4. Customizable: Customization is a feature I often look for in software, as it makes the user experience all the more satisfying. The tools I’ve included on this list offer customization, some to a higher degree than others.
5. Scalability: Software should integrate seamlessly into a growing business. As your staff and client list grows over the years, you’ll have no issue scaling any of the software I’ve mentioned on this list.
6. Integrations: Robust integrations are important as you want the field management software to work well with your existing IT stack. The tools I’ve mentioned here integrate seamlessly with various third-party accounting, HR, and customer service apps.
7. Price: Price was the last thing I considered when making this list as I wanted to focus more on quality. I still ensured that the tools were reasonably priced and made sense when considering the offered features.

[image source]

List of the Best AI Field Management Software

Consider this popular list for your selection:

• AI Field Mgmt
• CloudApper
• FieldEZ
• Salesforce
• Jobber
• Oracle Field Service
• Connecteam Field Service Management Software
• ServiceTitan 

Comparing the Top AI Field Management Platforms

Detailed Reviews:

AI Field Management

Best for advanced AI-Powered Job Management.

I feel quite confident in picking AI Field Management as the very first tool on this list. It embodies everything I want from field management software that’s backed by an intelligent AI.

The software is excellent at creating and managing jobs from start to finish. With real-time maps, pictures, directions, and invoicing, you get to track your deployed jobs from a single dashboard.

You create a job, schedule it, and dispatch this information to a designated field worker. As soon as this job becomes active, the system automatically notifies customers. The software’s also highly scalable, as evident from the fact that you can use it to manage inventory across one or numerous warehouses with ease.

AI Field Management also stands out for its centralized interface. Thanks to this centralized system, it is easier to view and manage all tasks. The customizability of this interface also helps as you get a drag-and-drop dispatch grid to easily shift times and dates associated with a task.

AI Field Management comes as an Android and iOS app, which field workers and companies can use for extra convenience. The software provides a website portal that customers may find especially useful for booking services or products.

How AI Field Management works?

AI Field Management offers a solution that includes three apps. They are:

• Company Admin Panel
• Mobile Customer App
• Mobile Field Worker App.

This is how the software works if you want to designate a worker for a particular job.

• Open AI Field Management Software’s website portal.
• Navigate to the “Jobs” section above and from the drop-down menu, select “Create a Job”
• In the prompted window, fill in all the details.
• If you want the AI to help you find the right worker for the job, simply click on the “Ask Sherpa” button.
• Sherpa will show you a ranked list of all the people eligible for the job with important stats.

Features:

• Automated Scheduling and Dispatching: You can count on this tool’s intelligent AI to completely automate the scheduling and dispatching of field workers. The AI does well in assigning the right field personnel for the job by taking job requirements, location, and availability into account.
• Route Optimization: You can rely on AI Field Management for AI-based route planning. This feature can save you a ton of money and fuel costs. Optimized route planning ensures faster delivery with reduced fuel expenses.
• Work Order Management: As I mentioned before, AI Field Management stands out for its centralized system. This also means that the creation, assignment, and tracking of work orders within the software is also centralized. This can result in several benefits, like faster invoicing and reduced paperwork.
• Real-Time Tracking: AI-Field management offers you real-time updates of everything transpiring in the field. The software facilitates GPS tracking, which lets you track field personnel and monitor their work in real time. You are assured better visibility into your field operations with this tool.
• Data Analytics: The software is quite advanced in its reporting and analytical capabilities. The software provides you with actionable insights, trends, and performance metrics that are easy to comprehend. This data can help you improve your processes and make informed decisions.

Why I Like It?

AI Field Management won me over with its simplicity and barrage of advanced features. Thanks to its centralized system, performing key field management tasks like creating work orders or assigning field workers is quite simple and can be done with a single click.

Its AI also streamlines almost all crucial aspects associated with field management to help you save a ton of time and money.

Pros:

• Centralized system
• Mobile-friendly app for Android and iOS.
• Flexible pricing
• Highly scalable.

Cons:

• Nothing significant

Our Review: AI Field Management is hands down, one of the finest end-to-end field management software I’ve had the privilege of trying. It stands out for an architecture that streamlines the creation and designation of jobs on behalf of your company while also making things convenient for your field workers and customers.

Price: AI Field Management offers the following plans:

• Basic: $10.99/month
• Business: $24.99/month
• Advanced: $44.99/month
• Ultimate: $56.99/month
• Ultimate AI: $92.99/month

A forever-free plan is also offered. You can also request a free demo.

Website: https://aifieldmanagement.com/

---

CloudApper

Best for a fully customizable interface.

Similar to AI Field Management, CloudApper is a software that excellently uses AI to streamline entire field service operations. Its AI immediately gets to work once you launch the software. All captured job data is thoroughly analyzed by the AI to predict risks that could impact the overall outcome of a project.

CloudApper can be used as a website portal and a mobile app. Both do a phenomenal job of helping you track field workers and the status of your jobs in real time. I would argue that managing field workers is a tad bit simpler with CloudApper because of its geo-tagging feature. This geo-tag lets you keep an unwavering eye on field personnel.

You can view and manage ongoing tasks that these workers handle. Your field workers can use the mobile app to log their job deliverables. People working in the field can capture videos, images, signatures, etc., and upload them on this app, which can later be reviewed by central project teams in real-time.

Anyone can customer CloudApper’s interface, which is something I appreciate. You don’t need to be a coding expert. You have a drag-and-drop editor and editable app templates to assist you with the same.

Features:

• Audit Management: CloudApper’s mobile app allows field technicians to capture necessary information and perform site audits. They can easily capture videos, photos, and digital signatures via this app. It can also help them with equipment management as well.
• Runbook Management: Field Workers can easily log their job deliverables and access runbook information from their phones. Field technicians can access this information whenever they need it. Central teams are also notified automatically when a job is over.
• Job Scheduling: Job scheduling is an integral aspect of field management and CloudApper does not disappoint. Creating, assigning, and scheduling jobs is very simple via this software. Technicians and central teams can rely on custom views to check their outstanding work for each day.
• AI Analytics: Similar to AI field management, CloudApper’s AI analyzes data and detects patterns that can improve productivity and optimize resource allocation. You get detailed insights on scheduled jobs, breakdown frequencies, service quality, etc.
• Database Management: CloudApper can store imperative data related to customers and field workers in a secure database. This information is gathered and consolidated in an organized fashion. As such, you can expect better team management with this software on your side.

How CloudApper Works:

• As soon as you launch CloudApper, you are greeted with a dashboard replete with data and insights.
• The dashboard is further divided into several modules.
• Under the Schedule module, you’ll get insights on Open Jobs, High Priority Jobs, Closed Jobs, Clients, Reported Issues, and Issues Resolved.
• Under the Clients module, you can add new clients and get an analytical overview of the current status of a client.
• Under the jobs module, you can create and assign jobs to the technicians.

Why I Like It?

The software is fully customizable and demands no coding skills from its users. It also features a great mobile app that all stakeholders involved with field management will appreciate. I also found its integrated planning, scheduling, and dispatching features quite impressive.

Pros:

• Scalable cloud infrastructure
• Easy-to-use web and mobile app
• Easy to configure and customize.
• Real-time tracking with live map view.

Cons:

• Nothing significant

Our Review: With CloudApper, you are promised centralized work activity, real-time visibility, and AI-powered analytics. It is easy to customize and comes loaded with great features that are essential if you wish to monitor the progress of your jobs and manage field workers without hassle.

Price: Contact the CloudApper team for a custom quote. A free demo is available upon request.

Website: https://www.cloudapper.ai/field-service-management-software/

---

FieldEZ

Best for super-fast invoicing.

FieldEZ does everything you expect from software that promises end-to-end field management. Hence, it was a clear choice to mention it on my list. The standout feature of FieldEZ for me, was its ability to establish uniform workflows. The software offers a centralized fieldwork system for you.

This standardization makes field management via FieldEZ very simple and efficient, right from dispatch to invoicing. FieldEZ’s AI also does a fine job of automating several crucial elements associated with field management from start to finish. This means less manual work and little to no paperwork.

One way by which the software ensures less paperwork and manual labor is through real-time data management. Its AI ensures there are no errors when recording or analyzing data, thus helping you steer clear of manual errors and data loss.

If there is one area where FieldEZ shines, then it would be in invoicing. The software can automatically calculate figures and capture field service data, thus considerably streamlining invoicing. This process also cuts down the time to process an invoice in half.

How FieldEZ Works:

• As soon as you launch FieldEZ, you can rely on its GPS coordinates to track your field staff. It also uses these coordinates to calculate the distance they’ve traveled.
• You can rely on its map to find the location of job tickets accurately.
• FieldEZ also lets you connect with field staff via SMS.
• You can finally count on its AI to calculate and process your invoices automatically.

Features:

• Fleet Management: The software grants you a detailed overview of your entire fleet operation. Services managers can use this software to track their delivery fleet in real-time. You also get access to other key information related to your fleet, like service history and maintenance records.
• Invoicing and Billing: Thanks to AI-powered automation, invoicing is fast and error-free with FieldEZ. All figures are calculated accurately with captured field service data. As such, you can confidently carry out billing procedures without having to worry about mistakes.
• Route Optimization: FieldEZ greatly uses AI for proper route planning. It can help you find faster routes, thus helping reduce fuel costs. This AI-powered route optimization can help you significantly bring down the cost of your entire operation.
• Inventory Management: FieldEZ’s AI makes sure each asset in the inventory is accounted for. The software facilitates inventory management at scale. This means you can track inventory across one or multiple warehouses from a single dashboard.
• Reporting and Analytics: Like AI Field Management before it, FieldEZ also offers accurate reports and analytical data. You can rely on this data for improved productivity and operational efficiency. You’ll find actionable insights here that can help you make the right decisions.

Why I Like It?

FieldEZ takes the hassle out of invoicing and billing by automating the process entirely. It is also simple to use and quite intuitive. I also like how seamlessly it integrates with a certain workforce and payroll apps.

Pros:

• Easy-to-use interface
• Automated invoicing
• Integration with payroll and workforce management apps
• Comprehensive in its reporting

Cons:

• Needs proper documentation and tutorials to guide its users.

Our Review: FieldEZ earns a spot on my list at the very top for its simplicity, AI-powered automation, and streamlined dispatching capabilities. With amazing inventory and fleet management capabilities, this is a great field management software.

Price: Contact the FieldEZ team for a custom quote. A free demo is available upon request.

Website: https://www.fieldez.com/field-service-management-artificial-intelligence/

---

Salesforce Field Service

Best for optimizing dispatching and asset management.

Built on the Salesforce platform, Field Service comes packed with advanced features and an AI that can easily automate time-consuming processes. Field Service at managing and dispensing information that is critical for field workers in doing their job.

The software makes sure that field workers are privy to key information like customer data, service records, etc. before they venture out on a job. As you can expect from the best AI field management tools, Salesforce Field Service also optimizes dispatching and scheduling tasks.

Users get to manage key components associated with dispatching, like managing absent resources within this tool’s dispatch console. This can help central teams organize workers based on their availability and skills.

Asset management is another area where this tool had me floored. It takes a proactive approach to asset management and lets you track assets in real time. These features come together beautifully within Salesforce Field Service’s mobile app.

This highly customizable app caters to the needs of the mobile workforce by giving them access to key information related to their job on the go.

Features:

• Multi-Modal Troubleshooting: This tool offers multi-modal support, which lets mobile workers finish their jobs faster. Technicians can take pictures and videos of their issues, thanks to the tool’s AI-based capture and recognition capabilities. The AI will then interpret these images and suggest possible troubleshoots to resolve the error.
• Post-Work Summary: The AI offers intelligently generated summaries after the work is complete. The reports are both precise and thorough. These service reports contain real-time customer and asset data.
• Dispatch Console: This tool features a dispatch console that can optimize dispatching and scheduling tasks. You can rely on this console to organize workers accurately based on their availability and skills.
• Forecasting: The tool relays real-time data that can give you an idea of the impact optimizations can have on aspects like resource usage and travel time. You get a comprehensive view of changes in KPI and results of recent optimizations.
• Work Order Management: The software AI considerably simplifies work order management. You will have no issue creating, assigning, and executing work orders. This tool completely digitizes your entire work order lifecycle.

Why I Like It?

Its mobile app for Android and iOS perfectly caters to the requirements of field workers. The app ensures field workers have the information they need to execute their jobs with efficiency. Plus, the pre-built analytical dashboard lends central teams all the information they need in real time to make key decisions.

Pros:

• The Android and iOS app
• Impressive forecasting and analytical abilities
• The pre-built analytics dashboard
• Support via virtual remote assistant

Cons:

• You’ll need to subscribe to the more expensive plans for greater customization.

Our Review: Simple and advanced, Field Service is another gem of software built on the popular Salesforce. What sets it apart from its contemporaries, though, is the AI virtual assistant. This virtual assistant makes customer support a satisfying experience. The real-time remote service alone makes this tool worth giving a shot.

Price: Salesforce offers the following plans:

• Starter Suite: $25/user per month.
• Pro Suite: $100/user per month
• Enterprise: $165/user per month

A free trial and demo are available upon request.

Website: https://www.salesforce.com/service/field-service-management/?bc=HA

---

Jobber

Best for drag-and-drop job creators.

Jobber covers everything you want an AI field management software to offer. It can optimize dispatching and scheduling tasks. This can assist you in handling client orders. By using templates and automatic calendar reminders, you can make invoicing faster. That said, Jobber’s distinct appeal lies in its interface.

It features a drag-and-drop interface you can use to easily create last-minute jobs, review work orders, and convert a quote into a job. Modifying a job is simple. All you have to do is drag and drop a job into a new time slot on Jobber’s amazingly intuitive interface.

Field Workers can stay connected with real-time views on the status of their jobs via the mobile app. Any changes made to the job are immediately reflected on the app. It is also very simple to track the status of a job. Upon a field worker clocking in, you will immediately receive a GPS ping notification.

You are kept in the loop from the moment a job starts to the moment it ends. Workers can keep you posted about the job by uploading photos and adding custom notes.

Features:

• Invoicing: Invoicing is one of Jobber’s strongest features. Jobber immediately starts tracking jobs in real-time, which are ready for invoicing. You can create and send invoices in batches.
• Client Reminders: Jobber does a good job of keeping you connected with your clients even if the thought slips your mind. The tool will send automated reminders to clients. These clients are reminded of the job done and the payments they owe you.
• Client Hub: Another amazing feature within Jobber is the client hub. This feature makes sure your interactions with a client are minimal and convenient for both. Clients can use this hub to review and pay their current and past dues.
• Scheduling: Scheduling is fast and accurate in Jobber. It only takes a few clicks to create and assign a job with Jobber. You can also compare the schedules of different team members against each other to find out who is free.
• Map and Routing: The tool lets you check your visits on a live map. It helps you find the fastest route to save time and fuel money. You can assign a job to a worker based on who is nearest to the location.

Why I Like It?

Jobber worked for me because of its drag-and-drop calendar, which makes creating and scheduling jobs as easy as a walk in the park. On the other hand, you have the app, which makes the software and its features easily accessible to customers and field workers alike.

Pros:

• The drag-and-drop calendar
• Over 20 built-in reports
• Customizable templates
• The iOS and Android app

Cons:

• The customer support team could be a tad bit more responsive.

Our Review: Jobber’s drag-and-drop calendar is what compelled me to include the tool on this list. Creating, scheduling, and assigning jobs is simple with this calendar. This is a great field service management software, especially for businesses in the construction and home services industry.

Price: Jobber offers the following plans:

• Grow; $120/month
• Connect: $72/month
• Core: $16/month

All plans are billed annually. A 14-day free trial is also available.

Website: https://getjobber.com/

---

Oracle Field Service Management

Best for end-to-end visibility and AI-assisted scheduling.

Oracle carves itself a spot on this list for two reasons. Firstly, I found its self-learning AI assistant quite impressive. You can count on this AI to help you with smart route optimization, workforce scaling, and pretty much everything else that could streamline field operations for your company.

Thanks to this AI, every stage of your field operations from assigning workers to routing them is completely automated. All the AI needs to do its job right is accurate input from your side on SLAs, critical worker information, etc.

The software will ensure the right person for the job is assigned based on skill, availability, location, and individual performance patterns.

Features:

• Work Scheduling: Oracle’s self-learning AI does a good job of optimizing work planning and scheduling tasks. It can accurately predict staffing requirements and intelligently automate various aspects of scheduling. The software can also ensure optimized utilization of resources.
• Technician Enablement: The software goes above and beyond to make the jobs of technicians easier. They are provided access to critical job details. There are pre-configured workflows to simplify complex activities as well.
• Customers Self-Service: Customers can seek out the help they need immediately by connecting with the tool’s digital assistants. The tool also helps customers track and manage field service appointments through a link sent to them via email or SMS.
• Service Support: The tool ensures field workers get the support they need in a timely fashion. Mobile workers can access the chatbot in their mobile app to get accurate advice and best-action recommendations. You can also connect field workers with experts via video chat to resolve issues on the field.
• Service Logistics: The tool keeps your field team and customers connected to the logistics of your supply chain for better collaboration. Mobile workers can easily check details on parts availability and orders. The tool ensures parts and labor costs are captured based on SLAs.

Why I Like It?

Thanks to the tool’s AI assistant, this software enables automated, event-based customer communications anytime you want during the service lifecycle. Plus, streamlining and scaling workforce assignments is also very simple with this tool.

Pros:

• Easy to scale.
• Real-time end-to-end visibility
• The easy-to-use mobile app that especially benefits field workers.

Cons:

• The learning curve you meet in the beginning can be steep.

Our Review: As far as cloud-based field service management solutions go, this is one of the better options. This is perhaps in large part because of its intelligent self-learning AI. You can expect the tool to intelligently automate everything from workforce assignment and scheduling to route planning.

Price: Contact the Oracle sales team for a custom quote. A free demo is available upon request.

Website: https://www.oracle.com/cx/service/field-service-management/

---

Connecteam

Best for stunning mobile apps.

Connecteam is another tool on my list that had me floored with its field management capabilities. However, it was the app that ultimately convinced me to mention it here. Everything from scheduling to measuring employee performance is streamlined via this app. Creating and scheduling was a breeze through this tool.

You are also provided with a ton of intuitive tools that let you track your staff and the work done by them in real time from a single intuitive dashboard. This application also facilitates seamless internal communication and collaboration. Finally, the tool arms you with some amazing features to hire people at scale and measure their performance.

Features:

• Time-Clock: This is perhaps the best feature you’ll find on Connecteam’s mobile app. You can let your team clock in and clock out via the mobile app. You get to monitor attendance in real-time with this feature.
• Task Management: Creating and assigning tasks can be done with a single click with Connecteam’s mobile app. You can set up one-time tasks and even attach a bunch of stuff like to-do lists and images to help workers understand their role.
• End-to-End Visibility: The software gives you a bird’s eye view of what your entire staff is working on. You can easily filter out team tasks by due date and priority to get the information you seek. You also get status updates automatically in real-time.
• Scheduling: Like tasks, you can easily create and share workforce schedules with this software. You get templates to assist you with the schedule-building tasks. Employees have a chance to instantly share their feedback once the schedule is shared with them.
• Payroll and Invoicing: The software records work hours accurately, thus ensuring there is no issue with payroll and invoicing. It instantly calculates over time, time offs, breaks, etc. Invoicing is further simplified due to Connecteam’s integration with apps like QuickBooks and Xero.

Pros:

• User-friendly and intuitive
• The best mobile app on this list.
• A free forever plan.

Cons:

• Some users have complained about occasional lags and freezes.

Our Review: I understand my opinion is rather subjective but I do believe that out of all the mobile apps I’ve mentioned on this list, Connecteam’s was the best.

It is easy to use and has an aesthetic that makes it equal parts user-friendly and functionally efficient. This is a tool you should give a chance for the mobile app alone.

Price: Connecteam offers the following plans:

• Basic: $35/month
• Advanced: $59/month
• Expert: $119/month

A 14-day free trial and a forever free plan with limited capabilities are also offered.

Website: https://connecteam.com/

---

Service Titan

Best for automated scheduling and the reporting dashboard.

Service Titan is the final software on this list that has my stamp of approval when it comes to field service management tools. The tool immediately gets to work as soon as it is launched.

You can count on the tool to automatically schedule jobs and assign a workforce on your behalf. It will analyze the customer booking and assign the right team based on availability and skill.

Service Titan’s field mobile app is also solid and will keep the field workers connected and informed in real time on the go. The tool also comes with pre-built digital forms, which can be used by your team to save some valuable time.

Ultimately, Service Titan stands out for its reporting dashboard. The custom reports are comprehensive and you get to track real-time KPIs.

Features:

• Front Office Management: The tool arms your front office team with all the tools they need to do their jobs efficiently. Assigning jobs and creating schedules is superfast with the tool. The front office team also gets a clear overview of who is working on what project.
• Field Operation Management: Your field team can keep themselves informed via the mobile app. The app relays key information on equipment history and inventory so field teams can prepare accordingly.
• Client Experience Management: The tool enables you to create a more personalized experience for your clients with the client portal. The tool ensures your clients get correct estimates and easily track a technician. The tool also facilitates two-way real-time SMS with customers.
• Management Insights: The tool automatically tracks profits and progress in real-time. All accounting tasks are significantly automated. The data provided by this tool can be visualized for better comprehension via custom reports.
• Simplified Payments: The tool simplifies and automates various aspects of payments. The tool can recurring payments for members automatically in batches and intervals. You get reports on all check, credit card, and ACH transactions.

Pros:

• The pre-built integrations
• Highly customizable and scalable
• Receives tech updates regularly

Cons:

• Some users have reported issues with customer support quality.

Our Review: ServiceTitan is a good all-in-one field management solution that you can count on to handle scheduling, dispatching, invoicing, customer management, and more.

With extensive customizable and high scalability, I feel the software caters well to the needs of small and large enterprises, especially those that belong to the construction or home service industry.

Price: Contact the ServiceTitan team for a custom quote. A free demo is available upon request.

Website: https://www.servicetitan.com/features/field-service-management-software

---

Frequently Asked Questions

---

Conclusion

Managing fieldwork isn’t easy. Any form of mismanagement could land you in hot waters and result in your losing money and reputation. Thankfully, you have several AI field management tools to choose from today. These tools are capable of shouldering and can effortlessly manage field operations on your behalf.

Some of the best tools cater to not only your business but also simplify the jobs of field technicians while also ensuring your customers are satisfied. All of the 8 tools I’ve mentioned do a phenomenal job of automating field operations.

If you had to ask for my personal favorite, I would give that honor to AI Field Management. Using that software was simple and you can trust its AI blindly to help you assign the right person for the right job.

Research Process:

• I spent 25 hours researching and writing this article so you can have summarized and insightful information on which AI Field Management software will serve you best.
• Total tools researched: 15
• Total platforms shortlisted: 8