ISTQB Exam Questions on Equivalence Partitioning and Boundary Value Analysis

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Updated March 8, 2024

It’s important that all testers should be able to write test cases based on Equivalence Partitioning and Boundary Value Analysis.

Taking this into consideration, ISTQB has significant importance for this topic in the ISTQB Foundation level Certificate exam. Good practice and logical thinking can make it very easy to solve these questions.

This tutorial will concentrate on a couple of sample ISTQB Exam Questions on Equivalence Partitioning and Boundary Value Analysis with the best solution.

Let’s move on!!

ISTQB Exam Questions on Equivalence Partitioning and Boundary Value Analysis

What is Equivalence Partitioning?

Equivalence Partitioning is a method for deriving test cases. In this method, equivalence classes (for input values) are identified such that each member of the class causes the same kind of processing and output to occur.

The values at the extremes (start/end values or lower/upper-end values) of such class are known as Boundary values. Analyzing the behavior of a system using such values is called Boundary Value Analysis (BVA).

ISTQB Exam Questions on Equivalence Partitioning and Boundary Value Analysis

Here are a few sample questions for practice from the ISTQB exam papers on Equivalence Partitioning and BVA. (Ordered: Simple to a little complex)

Q #1) One of the fields on a form contains a text box that accepts numeric values in the range of 18 to 25. Identify the invalid Equivalence class.

a) 17
b) 19
c) 24
d) 21

Solution:

The text box accepts numeric values in the range of 18 to 25 (18 and 25 are also part of the class). So this class becomes our valid class. But the question is to identify invalid equivalence classes. The classes will be as follows:
Class I: values < 18   => invalid class
Class II: 18 to 25       => valid class
Class III: values > 25 => invalid class

17 falls under an invalid class. 19, 24 and 21 fall under valid class.

The answer is ‘A’

Q #2) In an Examination, a candidate has to score a minimum of 24 marks in order to clear the exam. The maximum that he can score is 40 marks.  Identify Valid Equivalence values if the student clears the exam.

a) 22,23,26
b) 21,39,40
c) 29,30,31
d) 0,15,22

Solution:

The classes will be as follows:
Class I: values < 24   => invalid class
Class II: 24 to 40       => valid class
Class III: values > 40 => invalid class

We need to identify Valid Equivalence values. Valid Equivalence values will be there in a Valid Equivalence class. All the values should be in Class II.

The answer is ‘C’

Q #3) One of the fields on a form contains a text box that accepts alphanumeric values. Identify the Valid Equivalence class.

a) BOOK
b) Book
c) Boo01k
d) Book

Solution:

Alphanumeric is a combination of alphabets and numbers. Hence we have to choose an option which has both of these. A valid equivalence class will consist of both alphabets and numbers. Option ‘c’ contains both alphabets and numbers.

The answer is ‘C’

Q #4) The Switch is switched off once the temperature falls below 18 and then it is turned on when the temperature is more than 21. When the temperature is more than 21. Identify the Equivalence values which belong to the same class.

a) 12,16,22
b) 24,27,17
c) 22,23,24
d) 14,15,19

Solution:

We have to choose values from the same class (it can be a valid or invalid class). The classes will be as follows:

Class I: less than 18 (switch turned off)
Class II: 18 to 21
Class III: above 21 (switch turned on)

Only in Option “c”, all the values are from one class. Hence the answer is ‘C’. (Please note that this question does not talk about valid or invalid classes. It is only about values in the same class)

Q #5) A program validates numeric fields as follows: values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected. Which of the following input values cover all of the equivalence partitions?

a. 10,11,21
b. 3,20,21
c. 3,10,22
d. 10,21,22

Solution:

We have to select values that fall in all the equivalence classes (valid and invalid).

The classes will be as follows:

Class I: values <= 9   => invalid class
Class II: 10 to 21       => valid class
Class III: values >= 22 => invalid class

All the values from option ‘c’ fall under all different equivalence classes.

The answer is ‘C’.

Q #6) A program validates numeric fields as follows: values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected. Which of the following covers the MOST boundary values?

a. 9,10,11,22
b. 9,10,21,22
c. 10,11,21,22
d. 10,11,20,21

Solution:

We have already come up with the classes as shown in question 5. The boundaries can be identified as 9, 10, 21, and 22. These four values are in option ‘b’.

The answer is ‘B’

Q #7)

In a system designed to work out the taxes to be paid:
An employee has £4000 of salary tax-free.
The next £1500 is taxed at 10%.
The next £28000 after that is taxed at 22%.
Any further amount is taxed at 40%.

To the nearest whole pound, which of these groups of numbers fall into three DIFFERENT equivalence classes?
a) £4000; £5000; £5500
b) £32001; £34000; £36500
c) £28000; £28001; £32001
d) £4000; £4200; £5600

Solution:

The classes will be as follows:
Class I   : 0 to £4000          => no tax
Class II  : £4001 to £5500   => 10 % tax
Class III : £5501 to £33500 => 22 % tax
Class IV : £33501 and above => 40 % tax

Select the values that fall into three different equivalence classes. Option ‘d’ has values from three different equivalence classes.

The answer is ‘D’.

Q #8)

In a system designed to work out the taxes to be paid:
An employee has £4000 of salary tax-free.
The next £1500 is taxed at 10%.
The next £28000 after that is taxed at 22%.
Any further amount is taxed at 40%.

To the nearest whole pound, which of these is a valid Boundary Value Analysis test case?

a) £28000
b) £33501
c) £32001
d) £1500

Solution:

The classes are already divided in question # 7. We have to select a value which is a boundary value (start/end value). 33501 is a boundary value.

The answer is ‘B’.

Q #9) Given the following specifications, which of the following values for age are in the SAME equivalence partition?

If you are less than 18, you are too young to be insured.
Between 18 and 30 inclusive, you will receive a 20% discount.
Anyone over 30 is not eligible for a discount.

a) 17, 18, 19
b) 29, 30, 31
c) 18, 29, 30
d) 17, 29, 31

Solution:

The classes will be as follows:

Class I: age < 18       => not insured
Class II: age 18 to 30 => 20 % discount
Class III: age > 30     => no discount

Here, we cannot determine if the above classes are valid or invalid, as nothing is mentioned in the question. (But according to our guess we can say I and II are valid and III is invalid. But this is not required here.) We have to select values that are in the SAME equivalence partition. Values from option ‘c’ fall in the same partition.

The answer is ‘C’.

These are a few sample questions for practice from ISTQB papers. We will continue to add more ISTQB question papers with answers in the upcoming posts.

About the Author: This is a guest article by N. Sandhya Rani. She has around 4 years of experience in Software Testing, mostly in Manual Testing. She is helping many aspirant software testers to clear the ISTQB testing certification exam.

Add your questions related to the ISTQB exams in the comment section below.


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221 thoughts on “ISTQB Exam Questions on Equivalence Partitioning and Boundary Value Analysis”

  1. can you guys help me out with this query?
    If you take the bus before 8:30 am or in the afternoon after 3:00 pm until 6:30 pm (Rush Hour) you pay full fare. A saver ticket is available for the bus between 8:30am and 3pm, and after 6:30 pm.

    What are the valid and invalid partitions – show a table with all of the different partitions and the different ticket types.

    Reply
    • start time —>8:30 = pay full
      8:31—–>15:00 =saver ticket will available
      15:01——–>18:30 = pay full
      18:31———-> end time = saver ticket will available

      Reply
  2. Hi Team,

    I’m taking up ISTQB exam.. And as per the study doc’s are concerned, I’m much in need of mock papers for below mentioned chapter’s….

    Chapter 1, Chapter 4, Chapter 5.

    Kindly send me out the dumps…

    My mail id would be: tejkumargk@gmail.com

    Thanks & Regards
    Tej

    Reply
  3. Amendments to the above answers:

    Q2 is wrong….all are black box tech
    Q29 ….c
    Q27…..d
    Q36…..I am sure a and b are right but not sure about c so either the choices are wrong or the right answer is d
    Q43…..c
    Q48…..d

    Reply
  4. Tax system –
    A tax system needs to be updated due to new legislation. For a person with a salary of less than 20.000 and who is married, the tax needs to be re-calculated. If the person also has more than two and less than five children, an additional 10% reduction is applicable.
    How many input classes can be distinguished when applying equivalence partitioning to the “Tax System” specification?
    A. 5
    B. 6
    C. 7
    D. 8
    Can someone please explain why the answer is option B? My answer is C
    2 classes for Marital status (married/Single)
    2 classes for Salary (less than 20000 and greater than 20000)
    3 classes for children ( [=5]
    Hence 2+2+3 = 7

    Reply
    • Answer is B because for the children you have 4 boundry values >=3 – 4==20000
      The sum is 6 boundry vaues. Correct B

      Reply
    • the answer is 6, because de GUI is made with ratio button. en ninguna parte dice nada acerca de ello pero sólo eso se me ocurre

      salary es les than 20k? yes ( ) no( )
      Is married? yes( ) no( )
      have between 3-4 children? yew ( ) no ( )

      Reply
    • My best guess is:
      For Salary and Marital Status, we will have 4 EP Classes as follow:
      – A: Less than 20k, Married
      – B: Less than 20k, Not married
      – C: 20k or more, Married
      – D: 20k or more, Not married.
      Now if we pay attention to the wording “If the person also has…”, which mean the second condition only applies to the first EP (Class A), then we can divide Class A into 3 EP based on the number of children (let’s call them A1, A2, A3).
      So in total we will have A1, A2, A3, B, C, D, which is 6 EP classes.
      This explanation also matches the question about number of output classes, which answer is 3 (not recalculated, recalculated, recalculated and 10% reduction).

      Reply
  5. 44) What is the concept of introducing a small change to the program and having the effects of that change show up in some test?
    a) Desk checking
    b) Debugging a program
    c) A mutation error
    d) Introducing mutation
    ans is c or d??Please do let me know
    Thanks in advance

    Reply
  6. Question 8 of the original article says that 33501 is a boundary value. So answer is ‘C’. However, this is contradictory. I believe the answer should be ‘B’.

    Reply
  7. Priya,

    Tax % is there to differentiate the range of inputs. First put the above question in a proper range. like,

    salary Range — Tax %
    0-4000
    4001-5500
    5501-33500
    33501-remaining

    Reply
  8. Hi…Can anyone post some new set of questions of foundation level ? Tomorrow I am appearing for the exam

    thanks in advance

    Reply
  9. I have gone through sample questions that come under ISTQB. they were easy only. how about the ISTQB exam?? Will it be having more coding part. i am willing to take ISTQB. But i am from non CS background. So, please advice

    Reply
  10. Please can anyone tell me all ans and send me on my email id :- gupta.mohit09@gmail.com

    Thanks in advance

    1:- Which is not functional testing technique?

    a. BVA
    b. Decision table
    c. Regression testing
    d. None of the above

    2:-One weakness of BVA and Equivalence partitioning is

    a. They are not effected
    b. They do not explore combinations of input circumstances
    c. They explore combinations of input circumstances
    d. None of the above

    3:- Decision table are useful in situation where

    a. An Action is taken under varying set of conditions
    b. Number of combinations of actions are taken under varying set of conditions
    c. No action is taken under varying set of conditions
    d. None of the above

    4:-BVA is based upon
    a. Single fault assumption theory
    b. Multiple fault assumption theory
    c. Both of above
    d. None of the above

    5:-“Causes” and “Effects” are related to
    a. Input and Output
    b. Output and Input
    c. Destination and Source
    d. None of the above

    6:-Which of the following tool you will use to detect Memory Leak

    a. Static Analysis
    b. Coverage Analysis
    c. Dynamic Analysis
    d. Memory Analysis

    7:- Functionality of software is tested by

    a. White Box Testing
    b. Black Box Testing
    c. Regression Testing
    d. None of the above

    8:- During Validation

    a. Process is checked
    b. Product is checked
    c. Developer’s performance is equivalent
    d. The Customer checks the product

    9:- Which of the following could be a reason for a failure?

    1. Testing fault
    2. software fault
    3. Design fault
    4. Environment fault
    5. Documentation fault

    a:- 2 is a valid reason ;1,3,4,4 are not
    b:- 1,2,3,4 are valid reasons; 5 is not
    c:- 1,2,3 are valid reasons; 4&5 are not
    d:- all of them are valid reason for failure

    Reply
  11. Hello,
    I am quite new to SQA and looking for some guidance to solve the following problem. I am pretty familiar with EPC and BVA but having trouble to choose the rite technique for the following scenario. Please help me.

    Suppose there is a method which is used for auto insurance policies renew according to the following rules:
    0 claim, age 22: raise by $25
    1 claim, age 22: raise by $50
    2, 3 or 4 claims, age 22: raise by $100
    More than 5 claims: cancel policy
    Between ECP and BVA, which test strategy you will use for this test? How to show the details to select the test cases based on the either ECP or BVA.

    Thanks

    Reply
  12. hii
    mallikarjun plz give the anwers of ecp and bvp on on 07.27.09 at 12:26 pm
    its urgent i done those qs ,i want to verify the answers.
    plz

    Reply
  13. Dears,

    I am in need of some questions and answers about “wireless systems and Ad hoc” as soon as possible.

    Would you help me?

    Reply
  14. Hi all,
    can anybody help in answer of this question:
    Q. 443: Path coverage includes
    A. Statement coverage
    B. Condition coverage
    C. Decision coverage
    D. None of these

    ans is given as d . i am not understanding why ans is d
    because if we do path testing it covers statment and decision.
    anybody help me in understanding this question

    Reply
  15. A shopping website gives discount based on prices of total purchased items.if customer purchases items of below Rs 2000 then there is no discount.for purchases of Rs 2000 and above it gives 10% discount and above 20000 it gives 15% discount.specify valid equivalence classes for the given input conditions.

    Reply
  16. can you please answer the below question?
    write boundary classes and equivalence classes for unsigned int a > signed int b &gt -10; unsigned int16 c &gt=65534; unsigned int32 d == 4294967294

    Reply
  17. Can you please help and draw flowchart for this task.

    1. Pick up and read the newspaper.
    2. Look at what is on television.
    3. If there is a program that you are interested in watching then switch the television on and watch the program.
    4. Otherwise.
    5. Continue reading the newspaper.
    6. If there is a crossword in the newspaper then try and complete the crossword.

    A. SC = 1 and DC = 3.
    B. SC = 1 and DC = 2.
    C. SC = 2 and DC = 3.
    D. SC = 2 and DC = 2.
    E. SC = 1 and DC = 1.

    Reply
  18. Shruti,
    Answer “C” is write for ur question.bcoz for BVA we take the input values like min-1,min+1,max-1 and max+1.So the input values are from 0 to 100.

    Reply
  19. More clear scenario,

    Suppose there is a method which is used for auto insurance policies renew according to the following rules:
    0 claim, age less than or equal to 22: raise by $50;
    0 claim, age greater than 22: raise by $25
    1 claim, age less than or equal to 22: raise by $100;
    1 claim, age greater than 22: raise by $50
    2, 3 or 4 claims, age less than or equal to 22: raise by $200;
    2, 3 or 4 claims, age greater than 22: raise by $100
    More than 5 claims: cancel policy
    Between ECP and BVA, which test strategy you will use for this test? How to show the details to select the test cases based on the either ECP or BVA.

    Reply
  20. Dear Ansi (#15, #23 & #26) &
    Dear Giri (#16, #17, #24).
    ************************************
    Ansi: Your first thought is correct and the answer is “c”.
    Giri: You’ve mistaken.
    ************************************
    Let me clarify:
    First lets all of us make the question very clear.
    1. We have to design tests for only valid equivalence
    classes.
    2. We have to design tests for only valid boundaries.
    *************************************
    Fine, Lets forget about all the choices we have in answers provided for us. Because already two answers we have selected. So, In these two selected answers, we need to finalize only one.

    Yes,
    Lets start with Ansi’s Answer: i.e. “C”
    The inputs for “C” are:
    c) 10000, 50000, 99999

    10000 = valid boundary (left boundary or minimum range)
    50000 = valid equivalence class.
    99999 = valid boundary (right boundary or maximum range)

    As the requirement in question is for only valid boundaries (left and right or minimum and maximum) and valid equivalence class(s) (whatever the value in between the range but that must be valid), So, The above option (answer) “C” sounds pretty good.
    —————————————————-
    Now coming to Giri’s Answer: i.e. “B”
    The inputs for “B” are:
    b) 9999, 50000, 100000

    9999 = not a valid boundary (Because it is 1 less by the exact boundary value (left boundary value or minimum range).
    50000 = valid equivalence class.
    100000 = not a valid boundary (Because it is 1 more by the exact boundary value (right boundary value or maximum range).

    ———————————————–
    With the first value (9999) under option “B” itself (as it won’t satisfy the requirement), We can ignore that option instead of going for checking the rest of the two values (time waste).
    ******************************************
    Hope both of you cleared now – I guess.
    Anyhow, This is a very good example (sample) question for you Ansi, How the questions will be.

    Why head ache? Just read the question one more time (if not understood for the first time). If not, read it once again. Just break the question, Analyze what exactly the question is?

    Simple… We can rock..

    Good luck.

    Regards,
    Govardhan Reddy M,
    Software Test Engineer,
    “Admit mistakes, But learn from them”.

    Reply
  21. Hey, let’s compare the answers for Q1-58 posted by Mallikarjun……
    Here are my answers. Will appreciate if you compare with mine and mention those that are different or doubtful:

    1c
    2c
    3b
    4b
    5a
    6b or d….not sure
    7c
    8b
    9c
    10b
    11a
    12d
    13c…..not sure
    14d
    15d
    16d
    17b
    18a
    19d
    20c
    21d
    22c
    23a
    24c
    25b
    26a
    27…..99 b
    28c
    29…?
    30b
    31c…?
    32d
    33c
    34d…?
    35d
    36b
    37b
    38c
    39a
    40a….?
    41b
    42a….?
    43…..?
    44c
    45…..2 test cases
    46b
    47b
    48…..?
    49d
    50a
    51d
    52b
    53….?
    54c
    55b
    56d
    57a
    58a
    ================================

    Reply
  22. An employee has £4000 of salary tax-free. The next £1500 is taxed at 10%. The next £28000 after that is taxed at 22%. Any further amount is taxed at 40%.find equivalence partion

    Reply
  23. hi Ansi, in question pls mark “Which of the following inputs might be a result of designing tests for only valid equivalence classes and valid boundaries:” now deduce my answer:

    b- 9999, 50000, 100000 as in question
    here 9999 & 100000 are BVA while 50000 is equivalence

    But in ur answer c) 10000, 50000, 99999
    all come from equivalence class

    Reply
  24. An electronic program guide service downloads TV listing data once setup data has been downloaded either with the digital tuner, or the analog tuner (if present), or an external receiver (if defined): The following tests have been executed for the control flow diagram above:

    Test1: No setup data could be found, first with the digital tuner, then with the analog tuner, and finally with an external receiver.

    Test2: Setup and TV listing data has been downloaded with the digital tuner.
    Test3: Setup and TV listing data has been downloaded with the analog tuner.

    What is the decision coverage of these three tests?

    a. 100%
    b. 51%
    c. 70%
    d. 0%

    Any answer 4 this question?

    Reply
  25. Dear Mr.Raj (#36),
    Appreciate your question and thought.
    You are correct. Cleanly speaking equivalence class should (must) be in between the minimum and maximum range. (But here the minimum and maximum values (range) both are having 5 digit values).

    Hahaha… Very good observation Mr.Raj.
    Sorry, Even I just bothered about the only two answers which Ms.Ansi and Mr.Giri are talking about.

    Its again a contradiction – strictly speaking.
    If we go ahead, As I said at the beginning, Then “C” is the answer. But please note that, I’m not trying to make my earlier comment/reply Right.

    I’m fully agree with you Mr.Raj.

    Keep it up.

    Thanks,
    Govardhan Reddy M,
    Software Test Engineer,
    “Failures are the pre-requisites for success, If you wan’t to succeed faster, Double the rate of your failure”.

    Reply
  26. 1. d
    2. b
    3. d
    4. c
    5. d
    6. a
    7. c
    8. b
    9. a
    10. a
    11. c
    12. a
    13. b
    14. c
    15. b
    16. b
    17. c
    18. c
    19. a
    20. c
    21. b
    22. d
    23. c
    24. a
    25. b
    26. d
    27. a
    28. d
    29. c
    30. b

    Reply
  27. i want to give istqb foundation exme asap (2012)so if any body have sample of Q&A and syllabus or guide please help me

    Thanks & Regards
    Sangita das

    Reply
  28. owasis,

    You should understand the question first.

    e.g: 1 to 100

    for the above range
    Valid Boundary values are 1,100
    Invalid boundary values are 0,101
    valid boundary values and equivalence are 1,2,100
    for testing BVA values are 0,1,100,101
    for testing equvalence and BVA 0,1,100,2,101 or 0,2, 101
    hope you are clear now. Its all depends on the question

    Reply
  29. 1 more question
    Q. 427: Risk analysis talks about
    A. The data required for testing, the infrastructure requirements to manage the data as well as the methods for preparing test data, requirements, converters and sources
    B. Details what types of tests must be conducted, what stages of testing are required and outlines the sequence and timing of tests
    C. A testing goal. It is a statement of what the tester is expected to accomplish or validate during a testing activity. These guide the development of test cases and procedures
    D. None of the above

    ans is d or b.diff sites have diff ans which is correct as per my understanding i selected d
    which is correct?

    Reply
  30. Priya,

    Tax % is there to differentiate the range of inputs. First put the above question in a proper table format. like,

    salary Range — Tax %
    0-4000 –0%
    4001-5500 –10%
    5501-33500 –22%
    33501-remaining –40%

    So the valid BAV s are 0,4000,4001,5500,5501,33500,33501.

    In the above choices only 33501 is there so that is the answer

    Reply
  31. 1) Order numbers on a stock control system can range between 10000 and 99999 inclusive. Which of the following inputs might be a result of designing tests for only valid equivalence classes and valid boundaries:
    a) 1000, 5000, 99999
    b) 9999, 50000, 100000
    c) 10000, 50000, 99999
    d) 10000, 99999
    e) 9999, 10000, 50000, 99999, 10000
    ——–C
    2) Which of the following is NOT a black box technique:
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) State transition testing
    c) Syntax testing
    d) Boundary value analysis

    3) Error guessing is best used
    a) As the first approach to deriving test cases
    b) After more formal techniques have been applied
    c) By inexperienced testers
    d) After the system has gone live
    e) Only by end users
    ——A
    4) Which is not true-The black box tester
    a. should be able to understand a functional specification or requirements document
    b. should be able to understand the source code.
    c. is highly motivated to find faults
    d. is creative to find the system’s weaknesses.
    ———–A
    5) A test design technique is
    a. a process for selecting test cases
    b. a process for determining expected outputs
    c. a way to measure the quality of software
    d. a way to measure in a test plan what has to be done
    -B
    6) Which of the following is true?
    a. Component testing should be black box, system testing should be white box.
    b. if u find a lot of bugs in testing, you should not be very confident about the quality of software
    c. the fewer bugs you find, the better your testing was
    d. the more tests you run, the more bugs you will find.
    —–B
    7) What is the important criterion in deciding what testing technique to use?
    a. how well you know a particular technique
    b. the objective of the test
    c. how appropriate the technique is for testing the application
    d. whether there is a tool to support the technique

    8) Which of the following is a black box design technique?
    a. statement testing
    b. equivalence partitioning
    c. error- guessing
    d. usability testing

    9) A program validates a numeric field as follows:
    values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected
    Which of the following input values cover all of the equivalence partitions?
    a. 10, 11, 21
    b. 3, 20, 21
    c. 3, 10, 22
    d. 10, 21, 22

    10) Using the same specifications as question 9, which of the following covers the MOST boundary values?
    a. 9,10,11,22
    b. 9,10,21,22
    c. 10,11,21,22
    d. 10,11,20,21

    11) Error guessing:
    a) supplements formal test design techniques.
    b) can only be used in component, integration and system testing.
    c) is only performed in user acceptance testing.
    d) is not repeatable and should not be used.

    12) Which of the following is NOT a white box technique?
    a) Statement testing
    b) Path testing
    c) Data flow testing
    d) State transition testing

    13) Data flow analysis studies:
    a) possible communications bottlenecks in a program.
    b) the rate of change of data values as a program executes.
    c) the use of data on paths through the code.
    d) the intrinsic complexity of the code.

    14) In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
    An employee has £4000 of salary tax free. The next £1500 is taxed at 10%
    The next £28000 is taxed at 22%
    Any further amount is taxed at 40%
    Which of these groups of numbers would fall into the same equivalence class?
    a) £4800; £14000; £28000
    b) £5200; £5500; £28000
    c) £28001; £32000; £35000
    d) £5800; £28000; £32000

    15) Test cases are designed during:
    a) test recording.
    b) test planning.
    c) test configuration.
    d) test specification.

    16) An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004
    The boundary values for testing this field are
    a. 0,1900,2004,2005
    b. 1900, 2004
    c. 1899,1900,2004,2005
    d. 1899, 1900, 1901,2003,2004,2005

    17) Boundary value testing
    a. Is the same as equivalence partitioning tests?
    b. Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes
    c. Tests combinations of input circumstances
    d. Is used in white box testing strategy

    18) When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as:
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) Boundary value analysis
    c) Decision table
    d) Hybrid analysis

    19) Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage? It can be applied to human input, input via interfaces to a system, or interface parameters in integration testing.
    a) Error Guessing
    b) Boundary Value Analysis
    c) Decision Table testing
    d) Equivalence partitioning

    20) Features to be tested, approach, item pass/fail criteria and test deliverables should be specified in which document?
    a) Test case specification
    b) Test procedure specification
    c) Test plan
    d) Test design specification

    21) Which specification-based testing techniques are most closely related to each other?
    a) Decision tables and state transition testing
    b) Equivalence partitioning and state transition testing
    c) Decision tables and boundary value analysis
    d) Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis

    22) assume postal rates for ‘light letters’ are:
    $0.25 up to 10 grams
    $0.35 up to 50 grams
    $0.45 up to 75 grams
    $0.55 up to 100 grams
    Which test inputs (in grams) would be selected using boundary value analysis?
    a) 0, 9, 19, 49, 50, 74, 75, 99, 100
    b) 10, 50, 75, 100, 250, 1000
    c) 0, 1, 10, 11, 50, 51, 75, 76, 100, 101
    d) 25, 26, 35, 36, 45, 46, 55, 56

    23) If the temperature falls below 18 degrees, the heating system is switched on. When the temperature reaches 21 degrees, the heating system is switched off. What is the minimum set of test input values to cover all valid equivalence partitions?
    a) 15, 19 and 25 degrees
    b) 17, 18, 20 and 21 degrees
    c) 18, 20 and 22 degrees
    d) 16 and 26 degrees

    24) What is a test condition?
    a) An input, expected outcome, precondition and post condition
    b) The steps to be taken to get the system to a given point
    c) Something that can be tested
    d) A specific state of the software, ex: before a test can be run

    25) What is a key characteristic of specification-based testing techniques?
    a) Tests are derived from information about how the software is constructed
    b) Tests are derived from models (formal or informal) that specify the problem to be solved by the software or its components
    c) Tests are derived based on the skills and experience of the tester
    d) Tests are derived from the extent of the coverage of structural elements of the system or components

    26) Why are both specification-based and structure-based testing techniques useful?
    a) They find different types of defect.
    b) using more techniques is always better
    c) both find the same types of defect.
    d) Because specifications tend to be unstructured

    27) Find the Equivalence class for the following test case
    Enter a number to test the validity of being accepting the numbers between 1 and
    99
    a) All numbers 99
    c) Number = 0
    d) All numbers between 1 and 99

    28) What is the relationship between equivalence partitioning and boundary
    value analysis techniques?
    a) Structural testing
    b) Opaque testing
    c) Compatibility testing
    d) All of the above

    29) Suggest an alternative for requirement traceability matrix
    a) Test Coverage matrix
    b) Average defect aging
    c) Test Effectiveness
    d) Error discovery rate

    30) The following defines the statement of what the tester is expected to accomplish or validate during testing activity
    a) Test scope
    b) Test objective
    c) Test environment
    d) None of the above

    31) One technique of Black Box testing is Equivalence Partitioning. In a program
    statement that accepts only one choice from among 10 possible choices,
    numbered 1 through 10, the middle partition would be from _____ to _____
    a) 4 to 6
    b) 0 to 10
    c) 1 to 10
    d) None of the above

    32) Test design mainly emphasizes all the following except
    a) Data planning
    b) Test procedures planning
    c) Mapping the requirements and test cases
    d) Data synchronization

    33) Deliverables of test design phase include all the following except
    a) Test data
    b) Test data plan
    c) Test summary report
    d) Test procedure plan

    34) Test data planning essentially includes
    a) Network
    b) Operational Model
    c) Boundary value analysis
    d) Test Procedure Planning

    35) Test coverage analysis is the process of
    a) Creating additional test cases to increase coverage
    b) Finding areas of program exercised by the test cases
    c) Determining a quantitative measure of code coverage, which is a
    direct measure of quality.
    d) All of the above.

    36) Branch Coverage
    a) another name for decision coverage
    b) another name for all-edges coverage
    c) another name for basic path coverage
    d) all the above

    37) The following example is a
    if (condition1 && (condition2 || function1()))
    statement1;
    else
    statement2; (Testing concepts)
    a) Decision coverage
    b) Condition coverage
    c) Statement coverage
    d) Path Coverage

    38) Test cases need to be written for
    a) invalid and unexpected conditions
    b) valid and expected conditions
    c) both a and b
    d) none of these

    39) Path coverage includes
    a) statement coverage
    b) condition coverage
    c) decision coverage
    d) none of these

    40) The benefits of glass box testing are
    a) Focused Testing, Testing coverage, control flow
    b) Data integrity, Internal boundaries, algorithm specific testing
    c) Both a and b
    d) Either a or b

    41) Find the invalid equivalence class for the following test case
    Draw a line up to the length of 4 inches
    a) Line with 1 dot-width
    b) Curve
    c) line with 4 inches
    d) line with 1 inch.

    42) Error seeding
    a) Evaluates the thoroughness with which a computer program is tested by purposely inserting errors into a supposedly correct program.
    b) Errors inserted by the developers intentionally to make the system
    malfunctioning.
    c) for identifying existing errors
    d) Both a and b

    43) Which of the following best describes the difference between clear
    box and opaque box?
    1. Clear box is structural testing, opaque box is Ad-hoc testing
    2. Clear box is done by tester, and opaque box is done by developer
    3. Opaque box is functional testing, clear box is exploratory testing
    a) 1
    b) 1 and 3
    c) 2
    d) 3

    44) What is the concept of introducing a small change to the program and having the effects of that change show up in some test?
    a) Desk checking
    b) Debugging a program
    c) A mutation error
    d) Introducing mutation

    45) How many test cases are necessary to cover all the possible sequences of statements (paths) for the following program fragment? Assume that the two conditions are independent of each other : – …………
    if (Condition 1)
    then statement 1
    else statement 2
    fi
    if (Condition 2)
    then statement 3
    fi
    …………
    a. 1 test case
    b. 3 Test Cases
    c. 4 Test Cases
    d. Not achievable

    46) Given the following code, which is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage:
    Read P
    Read Q
    IF P+Q > 100 THEN
    Print “Large”
    ENDIF
    If P > 50 THEN
    Print “P Large”
    ENDIF
    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    b) 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    d) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    e) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

    47) Given the following:
    Switch PC on
    Start “outlook”
    IF outlook appears THEN
    Send an email
    Close outlook
    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    b) 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 1 test for statement coverage. 3 for branch coverage
    d) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    e) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage

    48) If a candidate is given an exam of 40 questions, should get 25 marks to pass (61%) and should get 80% for distinction, what is equivalence class?
    A. 23, 24, 25
    B. 0, 12, 25
    C. 30, 36, 39
    D. 32, 37, 40

    49) Consider the following statements:
    i. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
    ii. 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% statement coverage.
    iii. 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.
    iv. 100% decision coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
    v. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.
    a) ii is True; i, iii, iv & v are False
    b) i & v are True; ii, iii & iv are False
    c) ii & iii are True; i, iv & v are False
    d) ii, iii & iv are True; i & v are False

    50) Which statement about expected outcomes is FALSE?
    a) Expected outcomes are defined by the software’s behavior
    b) Expected outcomes are derived from a specification, not from the code
    c) Expected outcomes should be predicted before a test is run
    d) Expected outcomes may include timing constraints such as response times

    51) Which of the following is not a white box testing?
    a) Random testing
    b) Data Flow testing
    c) Statement testing
    d) Syntax testing

    52) If the pseudo code below were a programming language, how many tests are required to achieve 100% statement coverage?
    1. If x=3 then
    2. Display_messageX;
    3. If y=2 then
    4. Display_messageY;
    5. Else
    6. Display_messageZ;
    a. 1
    b. 2
    c. 3
    d. 4

    53) Using the same code example as question 17, how many tests are required to achieve 100% branch/decision coverage?
    a. 1
    b. 2
    c. 3
    d. 4

    54) Which of the following technique is NOT a black box technique?
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) State transition testing
    c) LCSAJ
    d) Syntax testing

    55) Given the following code, which is true?
    IF A>B THEN
    C = A – B
    ELSE
    C = A + B
    ENDIF
    Read D
    IF C = D THEN
    Print “Error”
    ENDIF
    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    b) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    d) 3 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    e) 3 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

    56) Consider the following:
    Pick up and read the news paper
    Look at what is on television
    If there is a program that you are interested in watching then switch the television on and watch the program
    Otherwise
    Continue reading the news paper
    If there a crossword in the news paper then try and complete the crossword
    a) SC = 1 and DC = 3
    b) SC = 1 and DC = 2
    c) SC = 2 and DC = 2
    d) SC = 2 and DC = 3

    57) The specification: an integer field shall contain values from and including 1 to and including 12 (number of the month)
    Which equivalence class partitioning is correct?
    a) Less than 1, 1 through 12, larger than 12
    b) Less than 1, 1 through 11, larger than 12
    c) Less than 0, 1 through 12, larger than 12
    d) Less than 1, 1 through 11, and above

    58) Analyze the following highly simplified procedure:
    Ask: “What type of ticket do you require, single or return?”
    IF the customer wants ‘return’
    Ask: “What rate, Standard or Cheap-day?”
    IF the customer replies ‘Cheap-day’
    Say: “That will be £11:20”
    ELSE
    Say: “That will be £19:50”
    ENDIF
    ELSE
    Say: “That will be £9:75”
    ENDIF

    Now decide the minimum number of tests that are needed to ensure that all the questions have been asked, all combinations have occurred and all replies given.
    a) 3
    b) 4
    c) 5
    d) 6

    Reply
  32. Hai i need to know the answer for the following questions

    1) Order numbers on a stock control system can range between 10000 and 99999 inclusive. Which of the following inputs might be a result of designing tests for only valid equivalence classes and valid boundaries:
    a) 1000, 5000, 99999
    b) 9999, 50000, 100000
    c) 10000, 50000, 99999

    Here I’m giving some ISTQB sample questions and answers.The answer is in capital letter of one of a,b,c,d and e.
    1 When what is visible to end-users is a deviation from the specific or expected behavior, this is called:
    a) an error
    b) a fault
    C) a failure
    d) a defect
    e) a mistake

    2 Regression testing should be performed:
    v) every week
    w) after the software has changed
    x) as often as possible
    y) when the environment has changed
    z) when the project manager says

    a) v & w are true, x – z are false
    b) w, x & y are true, v & z are false
    C) w & y are true, v, x & z are false
    d) w is true, v, x y and z are false
    e) all of the above are true

    3 IEEE 829 test plan documentation standard contains all of the following except:
    a) test items
    b) test deliverables
    c) test tasks
    d) test environment
    E) test specification

    4 Testing should be stopped when:
    a) all the planned tests have been run
    b) time has run out
    c) all faults have been fixed correctly
    d) both a) and c)
    E) it depends on the risks for the system being tested
    5. The main focus of acceptance testing is:
    a) finding faults in the system
    b) ensuring that the system is acceptable to all users
    c) testing the system with other systems
    D) testing for a business perspective
    e) testing by an independent test team

    6 Consider the following statements about early test design:
    i. early test design can prevent fault multiplication
    ii. faults found during early test design are more expensive to fix
    iii. early test design can find faults
    iv. early test design can cause changes to the requirements
    v. early test design takes more effort

    A) i, iii & iv are true. Ii & v are false
    b) iii is true, I, ii, iv & v are false
    c) iii & iv are true. i, ii & v are false
    d) i, iii, iv & v are true, ii us false
    e) i & iii are true, ii, iv & v are false

    7 Non-functional system testing includes:
    a) testing to see where the system does not function properly
    B) testing quality attributes of the system including performance and usability
    c) testing a system feature using only the software required for that action
    d) testing a system feature using only the software required for that function
    e) testing for functions that should not exist

    8 Which of the following is NOT part of configuration management:
    a) status accounting of configuration items
    B) auditing conformance to ISO9001
    c) identification of test versions
    d) record of changes to documentation over time
    e) controlled library access

    9 Which of the following is the main purpose of the integration strategy for integration testing in the small?
    a) to ensure that all of the small modules are tested adequately
    b) to ensure that the system interfaces to other systems and networks
    C) to specify which modules to combine when and how many at once
    d) to ensure that the integration testing can be performed by a small team
    e) to specify how the software should be divided into modules

    10 What is the purpose of test completion criteria in a test plan:
    a) to know when a specific test has finished its execution
    b) to ensure that the test case specification is complete
    c) to set the criteria used in generating test inputs
    d) to know when test planning is complete
    E) to plan when to stop testing

    11 Consider the following statements
    i. an incident may be closed without being fixed
    ii. incidents may not be raised against documentation
    iii. the final stage of incident tracking is fixing
    iv. the incident record does not include information on test environments
    v. incidents should be raised when someone other than the author of the software performs the test

    a) ii and v are true, I, iii and iv are false
    B) i and v are true, ii, iii and iv are false
    c) i, iv and v are true, ii and iii are false
    d) i and ii are true, iii, iv and v are false
    e) i is true, ii, iii, iv and v are false
    12 Given the following code, which is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage:
    Read P
    Read Q
    IF P+Q > 100 THEN
    Print “Large”
    ENDIF
    If P > 50 THEN
    Print “P Large”
    ENDIF

    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    B) 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    d) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    e) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

    13 Given the following:
    Switch PC on
    Start “outlook”
    IF outlook appears THEN
    Send an email
    Close outlook

    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    B) 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 1 test for statement coverage. 3 for branch coverage
    d) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    e) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage

    14 Given the following code, which is true:
    IF A > B THEN
    C = A – B
    ELSE
    C = A + B
    ENDIF
    Read D
    IF C = D Then
    Print “Error”
    ENDIF

    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    B) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 2 tests for statement coverage. 3 for branch coverage
    d) 3 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    e) 3 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

    15 Consider the following:
    Pick up and read the newspaper
    Look at what is on television
    If there is a program that you are interested in watching then switch the the television on and watch the program
    Otherwise
    Continue reading the newspaper
    If there is a crossword in the newspaper then try and complete the crossword

    a) SC = 1 and DC = 1
    b) SC = 1 and DC = 2
    c) SC = 1 and DC = 3
    d) SC = 2 and DC = 2
    E) SC = 2 and DC = 3

    16 The place to start if you want a (new) test tool is:
    a) Attend a tool exhibition
    b) Invite a vendor to give a demo
    C) Analyze your needs and requirements
    d) Find out what your budget would be for the tool
    e) Search the internet

    17 When a new testing tool is purchased, it should be used first by:
    a) A small team to establish the best way to use the tool
    B) Everyone who may eventually have some use for the tool
    c) The independent testing team
    d) The managers to see what projects it should be used in
    e) The vendor contractor to write the initial scripts

    18 What can static analysis NOT find?
    a) The use of a variable before it has been defined
    b) Unreachable (“dead”) code
    C) Whether the value stored in a variable is correct
    d) The re-definition of a variable before it has been used
    e) Array bound violations

    19 Which of the following is NOT a black box technique:
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) State transition testing
    C) LCSAJ
    d) Syntax testing
    e) Boundary value analysis

    20 Beta testing is:
    A) Performed by customers at their own site
    b) Performed by customers at their software developer’s site
    c) Performed by an independent test team
    d) Useful to test bespoke software
    e) Performed as early as possible in the lifecycle

    I will give more questions and answers later.

    Hello All, here im giving some sample questions on ECP and BVA.plz try the answers, otherwise i will give later.

    1) Order numbers on a stock control system can range between 10000 and 99999 inclusive. Which of the following inputs might be a result of designing tests for only valid equivalence classes and valid boundaries:
    a) 1000, 5000, 99999
    b) 9999, 50000, 100000
    c) 10000, 50000, 99999
    d) 10000, 99999
    e) 9999, 10000, 50000, 99999, 10000

    2) Which of the following is NOT a black box technique:
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) State transition testing
    c) Syntax testing
    d) Boundary value analysis

    3) Error guessing is best used
    a) As the first approach to deriving test cases
    b) After more formal techniques have been applied
    c) By inexperienced testers
    d) After the system has gone live
    e) Only by end users

    4) Which is not true-The black box tester
    a. should be able to understand a functional specification or requirements document
    b. should be able to understand the source code.
    c. is highly motivated to find faults
    d. is creative to find the system’s weaknesses.

    5) A test design technique is
    a. a process for selecting test cases
    b. a process for determining expected outputs
    c. a way to measure the quality of software
    d. a way to measure in a test plan what has to be done

    6) Which of the following is true?
    a. Component testing should be black box, system testing should be white box.
    b. if u find a lot of bugs in testing, you should not be very confident about the quality of software
    c. the fewer bugs you find, the better your testing was
    d. the more tests you run, the more bugs you will find.

    7) What is the important criterion in deciding what testing technique to use?
    a. how well you know a particular technique
    b. the objective of the test
    c. how appropriate the technique is for testing the application
    d. whether there is a tool to support the technique

    Which of the following is a black box design technique?
    a. statement testing
    b. equivalence partitioning
    c. error- guessing
    d. usability testing

    9) A program validates a numeric field as follows:
    values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected
    Which of the following input values cover all of the equivalence partitions?
    a. 10, 11, 21
    b. 3, 20, 21
    c. 3, 10, 22
    d. 10, 21, 22

    10) Using the same specifications as question 9, which of the following covers the MOST boundary values?
    a. 9,10,11,22
    b. 9,10,21,22
    c. 10,11,21,22
    d. 10,11,20,21

    11) Error guessing:
    a) supplements formal test design techniques.
    b) can only be used in component, integration and system testing.
    c) is only performed in user acceptance testing.
    d) is not repeatable and should not be used.

    12) Which of the following is NOT a white box technique?
    a) Statement testing
    b) Path testing
    c) Data flow testing
    d) State transition testing

    13) Data flow analysis studies:
    a) possible communications bottlenecks in a program.
    b) the rate of change of data values as a program executes.
    c) the use of data on paths through the code.
    d) the intrinsic complexity of the code.

    14) In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
    An employee has £4000 of salary tax free. The next £1500 is taxed at 10%
    The next £28000 is taxed at 22%
    Any further amount is taxed at 40%
    Which of these groups of numbers would fall into the same equivalence class?
    a) £4800; £14000; £28000
    b) £5200; £5500; £28000
    c) £28001; £32000; £35000
    d) £5800; £28000; £32000

    15) Test cases are designed during:
    a) test recording.
    b) test planning.
    c) test configuration.
    d) test specification.

    16) An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004
    The boundary values for testing this field are
    a. 0,1900,2004,2005
    b. 1900, 2004
    c. 1899,1900,2004,2005
    d. 1899, 1900, 1901,2003,2004,2005

    17) Boundary value testing
    a. Is the same as equivalence partitioning tests?
    b. Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes
    c. Tests combinations of input circumstances
    d. Is used in white box testing strategy

    18) When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as:
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) Boundary value analysis
    c) Decision table
    d) Hybrid analysis

    19) Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage? It can be applied to human input, input via interfaces to a system, or interface parameters in integration testing.
    a) Error Guessing
    b) Boundary Value Analysis
    c) Decision Table testing
    d) Equivalence partitioning

    20) Features to be tested, approach, item pass/fail criteria and test deliverables should be specified in which document?
    a) Test case specification
    b) Test procedure specification
    c) Test plan
    d) Test design specification

    21) Which specification-based testing techniques are most closely related to each other?
    a) Decision tables and state transition testing
    b) Equivalence partitioning and state transition testing
    c) Decision tables and boundary value analysis
    d) Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis

    22) assume postal rates for ‘light letters’ are:
    $0.25 up to 10 grams
    $0.35 up to 50 grams
    $0.45 up to 75 grams
    $0.55 up to 100 grams
    Which test inputs (in grams) would be selected using boundary value analysis?
    a) 0, 9, 19, 49, 50, 74, 75, 99, 100
    b) 10, 50, 75, 100, 250, 1000
    c) 0, 1, 10, 11, 50, 51, 75, 76, 100, 101
    d) 25, 26, 35, 36, 45, 46, 55, 56

    23) If the temperature falls below 18 degrees, the heating system is switched on. When the temperature reaches 21 degrees, the heating system is switched off. What is the minimum set of test input values to cover all valid equivalence partitions?
    a) 15, 19 and 25 degrees
    b) 17, 18, 20 and 21 degrees
    c) 18, 20 and 22 degrees
    d) 16 and 26 degrees

    24) What is a test condition?
    a) An input, expected outcome, precondition and post condition
    b) The steps to be taken to get the system to a given point
    c) Something that can be tested
    d) A specific state of the software, ex: before a test can be run

    25) What is a key characteristic of specification-based testing techniques?
    a) Tests are derived from information about how the software is constructed
    b) Tests are derived from models (formal or informal) that specify the problem to be solved by the software or its components
    c) Tests are derived based on the skills and experience of the tester
    d) Tests are derived from the extent of the coverage of structural elements of the system or components

    26) Why are both specification-based and structure-based testing techniques useful?
    a) They find different types of defect.
    b) using more techniques is always better
    c) both find the same types of defect.
    d) Because specifications tend to be unstructured

    27) Find the Equivalence class for the following test case
    Enter a number to test the validity of being accepting the numbers between 1 and
    99
    a) All numbers 99
    c) Number = 0
    d) All numbers between 1 and 99

    28) What is the relationship between equivalence partitioning and boundary
    value analysis techniques?
    a) Structural testing
    b) Opaque testing
    c) Compatibility testing
    d) All of the above

    29) Suggest an alternative for requirement traceability matrix
    a) Test Coverage matrix
    b) Average defect aging
    c) Test Effectiveness
    d) Error discovery rate

    30) The following defines the statement of what the tester is expected to accomplish or validate during testing activity
    a) Test scope
    b) Test objective
    c) Test environment
    d) None of the above

    31) One technique of Black Box testing is Equivalence Partitioning. In a program
    statement that accepts only one choice from among 10 possible choices,
    numbered 1 through 10, the middle partition would be from _____ to _____
    a) 4 to 6
    b) 0 to 10
    c) 1 to 10
    d) None of the above

    32) Test design mainly emphasizes all the following except
    a) Data planning
    b) Test procedures planning
    c) Mapping the requirements and test cases
    d) Data synchronization

    33) Deliverables of test design phase include all the following except
    a) Test data
    b) Test data plan
    c) Test summary report
    d) Test procedure plan

    34) Test data planning essentially includes
    a) Network
    b) Operational Model
    c) Boundary value analysis
    d) Test Procedure Planning

    35) Test coverage analysis is the process of
    a) Creating additional test cases to increase coverage
    b) Finding areas of program exercised by the test cases
    c) Determining a quantitative measure of code coverage, which is a
    direct measure of quality.
    d) All of the above.

    36) Branch Coverage
    a) another name for decision coverage
    b) another name for all-edges coverage
    c) another name for basic path coverage
    d) all the above

    37) The following example is a
    if (condition1 && (condition2 || function1()))
    statement1;
    else
    statement2; (Testing concepts)
    a) Decision coverage
    b) Condition coverage
    c) Statement coverage
    d) Path Coverage

    38) Test cases need to be written for
    a) invalid and unexpected conditions
    b) valid and expected conditions
    c) both a and b
    d) none of these

    39) Path coverage includes
    a) statement coverage
    b) condition coverage
    c) decision coverage
    d) none of these

    40) The benefits of glass box testing are
    a) Focused Testing, Testing coverage, control flow
    b) Data integrity, Internal boundaries, algorithm specific testing
    c) Both a and b
    d) Either a or b

    41) Find the invalid equivalence class for the following test case
    Draw a line up to the length of 4 inches
    a) Line with 1 dot-width
    b) Curve
    c) line with 4 inches
    d) line with 1 inch.

    42) Error seeding
    a) Evaluates the thoroughness with which a computer program is tested by purposely inserting errors into a supposedly correct program.
    b) Errors inserted by the developers intentionally to make the system
    malfunctioning.
    c) for identifying existing errors
    d) Both a and b

    43) Which of the following best describes the difference between clear
    box and opaque box?
    1. Clear box is structural testing, opaque box is Ad-hoc testing
    2. Clear box is done by tester, and opaque box is done by developer
    3. Opaque box is functional testing, clear box is exploratory testing
    a) 1
    b) 1 and 3
    c) 2
    d) 3

    44) What is the concept of introducing a small change to the program and having the effects of that change show up in some test?
    a) Desk checking
    b) Debugging a program
    c) A mutation error
    d) Introducing mutation

    45) How many test cases are necessary to cover all the possible sequences of statements (paths) for the following program fragment? Assume that the two conditions are independent of each other : – …………
    if (Condition 1)
    then statement 1
    else statement 2
    fi
    if (Condition 2)
    then statement 3
    fi
    …………
    a. 1 test case
    b. 3 Test Cases
    c. 4 Test Cases
    d. Not achievable

    46) Given the following code, which is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage:
    Read P
    Read Q
    IF P+Q > 100 THEN
    Print “Large”
    ENDIF
    If P > 50 THEN
    Print “P Large”
    ENDIF
    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    b) 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    d) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    e) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

    47) Given the following:
    Switch PC on
    Start “outlook”
    IF outlook appears THEN
    Send an email
    Close outlook
    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    b) 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 1 test for statement coverage. 3 for branch coverage
    d) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    e) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage

    48) If a candidate is given an exam of 40 questions, should get 25 marks to pass (61%) and should get 80% for distinction, what is equivalence class?
    A. 23, 24, 25
    B. 0, 12, 25
    C. 30, 36, 39
    D. 32, 37, 40

    49) Consider the following statements:
    i. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
    ii. 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% statement coverage.
    iii. 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.
    iv. 100% decision coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
    v. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.
    a) ii is True; i, iii, iv & v are False
    b) i & v are True; ii, iii & iv are False
    c) ii & iii are True; i, iv & v are False
    d) ii, iii & iv are True; i & v are False

    50) Which statement about expected outcomes is FALSE?
    a) Expected outcomes are defined by the software’s behavior
    b) Expected outcomes are derived from a specification, not from the code
    c) Expected outcomes should be predicted before a test is run
    d) Expected outcomes may include timing constraints such as response times

    51) Which of the following is not a white box testing?
    a) Random testing
    b) Data Flow testing
    c) Statement testing
    d) Syntax testing

    52) If the pseudo code below were a programming language, how many tests are required to achieve 100% statement coverage?
    1. If x=3 then
    2. Display_messageX;
    3. If y=2 then
    4. Display_messageY;
    5. Else
    6. Display_messageZ;
    a. 1
    b. 2
    c. 3
    d. 4

    53) Using the same code example as question 17, how many tests are required to achieve 100% branch/decision coverage?
    a. 1
    b. 2
    c. 3
    d. 4

    54) Which of the following technique is NOT a black box technique?
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) State transition testing
    c) LCSAJ
    d) Syntax testing

    55) Given the following code, which is true?
    IF A>B THEN
    C = A – B
    ELSE
    C = A + B
    ENDIF
    Read D
    IF C = D THEN
    Print “Error”
    ENDIF
    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    b) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    d) 3 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    e) 3 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

    56) Consider the following:
    Pick up and read the news paper
    Look at what is on television
    If there is a program that you are interested in watching then switch the television on and watch the program
    Otherwise
    Continue reading the news paper
    If there a crossword in the news paper then try and complete the crossword
    a) SC = 1 and DC = 3
    b) SC = 1 and DC = 2
    c) SC = 2 and DC = 2
    d) SC = 2 and DC = 3

    57) The specification: an integer field shall contain values from and including 1 to and including 12 (number of the month)
    Which equivalence class partitioning is correct?
    a) Less than 1, 1 through 12, larger than 12
    b) Less than 1, 1 through 11, larger than 12
    c) Less than 0, 1 through 12, larger than 12
    d) Less than 1, 1 through 11, and above

    58) Analyze the following highly simplified procedure:
    Ask: “What type of ticket do you require, single or return?”
    IF the customer wants ‘return’
    Ask: “What rate, Standard or Cheap-day?”
    IF the customer replies ‘Cheap-day’
    Say: “That will be £11:20”
    ELSE
    Say: “That will be £19:50”
    ENDIF
    ELSE
    Say: “That will be £9:75”
    ENDIF

    Now decide the minimum number of tests that are needed to ensure that all the questions have been asked, all combinations have occurred and all replies given.
    a) 3
    b) 4
    c) 5
    d) 6

    d) 10000, 99999
    e) 9999, 10000, 50000, 99999, 10000

    for this question what would be the answer,
    i think its ‘c’
    please let me know the answer and also the reason for your

    Reply
  33. hello can u answer for the question
    1.What is stub in software testing ?

    A dummy sub program

    A test case,which fails regularly

    A defect log report

    A defect ,which is not closed

    2. What does 100% code coverage mean while testing software ?

    Basic flow of software is tested

    All critical test cases are tested

    Each line of code is executed at least once while testing .

    No while and If loops are tested

    3. What does GPF in Windows95 stands for ?

    Great Performance Format

    General Performance Error

    General Protection Fault

    Group Performance Frequency

    4. Which of the following best fits for testing boundary values ?

    Age test box accepts age between 10-20 (both inclusive)

    Name text box can have any value

    Date text box should have data in dd/mm/yyyy format

    Employee Grade text box can have one of the following values L1,M1,E1

    5. string somestring;

    Which of the following choices will convert a standard C++ string object “somestring” to a C string

    somestring.c_str()

    &somestring[1]

    Copy.somestring()

    Std::cstring(something)

    6. Which of the following best suites load scenario ?

    100 users chatting in a chat application

    Testing for compulsory fields in a employee details form

    Checking for date format in date of birth field

    7. What is the function of the modulus operator in most languages ?

    Sets a system environmental value to either base 10 ,base 8 or base 16

    Returns the remainder after dividing one number by another

    Returns the first argument raised to the second argument power

    Prints out the actual code written to standard output rather than executing the code

    Reply
  34. Can somebody help me understand Q 7: Class III : £5501 to £33500 => 22 % tax
    Class IV : £33501 and above => 40 % tax
    Where the answer is D
    £4000; £4200; £5600

    Reply
  35. Hi,
    Sandhya Please check onces ans abt que.-8
    as you mention asn right but in option you have selected as ‘C’ so onces again chack about that please reward back to me

    Reply
  36. Hello
    How can I can some practical experience on software testing before I start working.
    Is there any help around?

    Reply
  37. An electronic program guide service downloads TV listing data once setup data has been downloaded either with the digital tuner, or the analog tuner (if present), or an external receiver (if defined): The following tests have been executed for the control flow diagram above:

    Test1: No setup data could be found, first with the digital tuner, then with the analog tuner, and finally with an external receiver.

    Test2: Setup and TV listing data has been downloaded with the digital tuner.
    Test3: Setup and TV listing data has been downloaded with the analog tuner.

    What is the decision coverage of these three tests?

    a. 100%
    b. 51%
    c. 70%
    d. 0%

    What wud b d rt answer

    Reply
  38. Hi Mallikarjun,

    Could you please post the answer for the questions on 27-7-09.I would be really helpful for us if you can post it ASAP.

    Regards,
    Rachana

    Reply
  39. Derive equivalence classes for the input variables listed below.
    1.int pen_inventory; Current inventory level or writing pens.
    2.string planet_name; Planet name.
    3.operating_system={“OS X”. “Windows XP”, “Windows 200”, “Unix”, “Linux”, “Xinu”, “VxWorks”}; Name of an operating system.
    4.printer_class=set printer_name;
    printer_class p; Set of printer names.
    5.int name [1.10]; An array of at most 10 integers.
    Need answer ASAP please.

    Reply
  40. Hello,
    Plz help me out with following Q. Correct ans is C but I feel it should be D.

    An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004
    The boundary values for testing this field are

    a. 0,1900,2004,2005
    b. 1900, 2004
    c. 1899,1900,2004,2005
    d. 1899, 1900, 1901,2003,2004,2005?

    Reply
    • Dear Pranesh, my answer would be ‘C’.
      Input value 1900 and 1901 both belong to the same class (Valid class)
      Similarly, Input value 2004 and 2005 both belong to the same class (Valid class)
      One value from Valid class be sufficient for boundary value analysis.

      Reply
    • d, as we test it using BVT
      we have to boundaries: 1900 and 2004
      these are our first pair of cases – boundaries themselves
      then we need to take 1 above and 1 below the first boundary – 1899 and 1901
      and then – 1 above and 1 below the second boundary – 2003 and 2005
      therefore, the correct answer is d

      Reply
      • Correct answer is C, because three values for boundaries analysis is excessive – only two are necessary (1 positive and 1 negative, valid boundary value is taken as positive, nearest invalid as negative). Therefore answer is 1899, 1900, 2004, 2005

  41. Hello Sandhya,

    Today i passed the ISTQB exam. all the sample paper where very helpful thank you very much for your help. It will be very gr8 if you can add some questions related to case studies, b,coz in this exam there where lots of questions which where like that.
    Thanks a lot for your help again.

    Reply
  42. Dear,
    Any one tell me the correct formula for boundary value analysis

    BV = LV-1, LV, LV+1, UV-1, UV, UV+1.
    BV = LV-1, LV+1, UV-1,UV+1.

    Reply
  43. question
    ‘X’ has given a data on a person age, which should be between 1 to 99. Using BVA which is the appropriate one
    A. 0,1,2,99
    B. 1, 99, 100, 98
    C. 0, 1, 99, 100
    D. –1, 0, 1, 99

    Reply
  44. Hi Mallikarjun,

    Am still waiting for the answers for the questions you posted on on 07.27.09 at 12:26 pm to validate my answers. Please send them.

    Thanks a ton

    Reply
  45. A shopping website gives discount based on prices of total purchased items. Suppose customer
    purchases are below 2000 Rs. then no discount, for purchases till 20000, it gives a 10% discount and
    above 20000 it gives 15% discount. Which of the following sets of values lie in 3 different equivalence
    classes?
    a. 1800,2000,8000
    b. 2001,10000,20002
    c. 1800, 2003,58,000
    d. 100,1800,20001

    Reply
  46. Hi Sandhya,

    Many thanks for your explanations. I am going to have ISTQB foundation level exam on 25th Nov, 2013. Can you please send out material and 2013 dumps for ISTQB Foundation Level exam to aparna.nov03@gmail.com . Many said none of the questions appeared from ISTQB dump in foundation level exam in main exam, sounds annoying. This certification is very important for me to get job.
    Can u plz send me the major topics which i must cover before ISTQB (Foundation lavel) exam.
    Could you please kindly provide explanation for below answers.
    1. When a new testing tool is purchased, it should be used first by:
    A. A small team to establish the best way to use the tool
    B. Everyone who may eventually have some use for the tool
    C. The independent testing team
    D. The managers to see what projects it should be used in
    E. The vendor contractor to write the initial scripts
    Note:: I know that when a tool is purchased first it will be tested on pilot project , so I guess A is right, but many said B is right answer. Please tell me the right option.
    2. Verification involves which of the following :-

    i. Helps to check the Quality of the built product
    ii. Helps to check that we have built the right product.
    iii. Helps in developing the product
    iv. Monitoring tool wastage and obsoleteness.

    A. Options i,ii,iii,iv are true.
    B. i is true and ii,iii,iv are false
    C. i,ii,iii are true and iv is false
    D. ii is true and i,iii,iv are false.
    3. Verification is:
    A. Checking that we are building the right system
    B. Checking that we are building the system right
    C. Performed by an independent test team
    D. Making sure that it is what the user really wants
    Note:: As you said, I strongly believe for Q2 ans is B. i is true and ii,iii,iv are false
    for Q3 ans is B. Checking that we are building the system right

    can you reply me if I am wrong?

    I have great confusion with decision coverage, Cyclomatic Complexity ?.

    As far as I know,
    Coverage::
    statement coverage , all nodes should be covered;
    branch coverage , all links should be covered;
    Path coverage,every possible link needs to be covered.
    For example ,
    4) If(x>y) x=x+1;
    else y=y+1;
    while(x>y)
    {
    y=x*y; x=x+1;
    }

    A. 1
    B. 2
    C. 3
    D. 4
    Explanation:: consider nodes as statements and conditions, links as edges between them
    1) If x>y true, while (x>y) true,
    2) If x>y false, while (x>y) true,
    From 1 & 2 , all nodes will be covered so statement coverage=2
    For branch coverage, one more test case need to be added, it can be either If x>y true, while (x>y) false or If x>y false, while (x>y) false,
    Totally branch coverage =3
    path coverage =4
    1) If x>y true, while (x>y) true,
    2) If x>y false, while (x>y) true,
    3) If x>y true, while (x>y) false
    4) If x>y false, while (x>y) false

    Doubt:: Some questions pointed out branch/decision covereage ? does branch and decision coverages comes under same concepts? Sometimes question were given considering conditions are independent what does it mean? For example,
    5) How many test cases are necessary to cover all the possible sequences of statements (paths) for the following program fragment? Assume that the two conditions are independent of each other:
    if (Condition 1) then statement 1 else statement 2 fi
    if (Condition 2)
    then statement 3 fi

    A. 2 Test Cases
    B. 3 Test Cases
    C. 4 Test Cases
    D. Not achievable
    if I follow my procedure, i guess ans is C to cover all paths but what is the use for Assume that the two conditions are independent of each other? few of sample papers given answer as A

    Cyclomatic Complexity::
    Formula : L-N+2P , since no disconnected graphs exists in the questions simple formula , L-N+ no of conditions,
    Given the Following program
    IF X = Z THEN Statement 2;
    END
    McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity is :
    a. 2
    b. 3
    c. 4
    d. 5
    explanation::

    Ans: 7-6 + 2 =3 , B
    But I can’t able to answer below question
    Given the Following program
    IF X = Z
    THEN Statement 2;
    END
    McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity is :

    A. 2
    B. 3
    C. 4
    D. 5
    Simple formula: no of conditions + 1,
    if I consider = as two conditions ans is 2+1=3, B

    Thank you in advance your great help.

    Reply
  47. Identify minimum number of users to test requirement?

    Below you will find the requirements to identify the Account Diversity Grade of a user. Read the requirements carefully and identify what test users you need to setup in order to completely test and make sure all the below requirements are covered. (Note: you should identify the optimum (minimum) number of users needed to test all of the requirements)

    Requirements: A user can have different types of loan accounts.Now we grade a user’s account Diversity based on two factors. 1) loanTypeCount 2) totalAccounts

    loanTypeCount = the number of different (distinct) LoanType values for all accounts that the user has.

    However do not include LoanType = Unknown & Collections but include all others Applicable values for LoanType are ( Home Loan, Heloc, Credit Card, Car Loan, Collections, Unknown)

    totalAccounts = total number of loan accounts user has (do not include LoanType = Unknown & Collections but include all others)

    example-> if user has 3 credit cards and 2 home loans and 1 Collection account, then totalAccounts = 5 and loanTypeCount = 2)

    The logic to determine accountDiversityGrade is the following:

    If totalAccounts> 20 or loanTypeCount >= 4, accountDiversityGrade = A

    Else if totalAccounts> 10 or loanTypeCount = 3, accountDiversityGrade = B

    Else if totalAccounts>= 5 or loanTypeCount= 2, accountDiversityGrade = C

    Else if totalAccounts > 0 or loanTypeCount = 1, accountDiversityGrade = D

    Else accountDiversityGrade=null (n/a)

    Reply
  48. Q. 24: A wholesaler sells printer cartridges. The minimum order quantity is 5. There is
    a 20% discount for orders of 100 or more printer cartridges. You have been asked to
    prepare test cases using various values for the number of printer cartridges ordered.
    Which of the following groups contain three test inputs that would be generated using
    Boundary Value Analysis?A. 5, 6, 20
    B. 4, 5, 80
    C. 4, 5, 99
    D. 1, 20, 100

    solution to this question

    Reply
    • I THINK ANSWER IS D. 1,20,100 …5 IS MINIMUM ORDER QUANTITY..SO 1 IS 1ST TEST CASE..FOR 5-99 NO DISCOUNT…20 WILL BE 2ND TEST CASE…20% DISCOUNT FOR ORDERS OF 100 OR MORE PRINTER CARTRIDGES…100 WILL BE 3RD TEST CASE..

      Reply
      • Dear AYUSHI, Question is about Boundary value analysis and not about equivalence partitioning. I am thinking boundary values be : 4, 5, 99, 100, I am thinking the answer would be ‘C’: 4, 5, 99. Please correct me if I am wrong.

  49. All the questionaries are helpful to proceed with….I would like to know some more about automation tools & testing techniques…

    Reply
  50. Hi,

    could you please help me, i really need some examples with explanation like this page, but for Decision Table Testing.

    Thank you in advance,

    Reply
  51. Hi Frnds,
    Find some of the questions and Answers.

    Will help those who are about to appear for foundation level exam.

    ISTQB Sample Question Paper Dump #2

    1) An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004.
    The boundary values for testing this field are:
    a. 0,1900,2004,2005
    b. 1900, 2004
    c. 1899,1900,2004,2005
    d. 1899, 1900, 1901,2003,2004,2005

    2) Which one of the following are non-functional testing methods?
    a. System testing
    b. Usability testing
    c. Performance testing
    d. Both b & c

    3) Which of the following tools would be involved in the automation of regression test?
    a. Data tester
    b. Boundary tester
    c. Capture/Playback
    d. Output comparator.

    4) Incorrect form of Logic coverage is:
    a. Statement Coverage
    b. Pole Coverage
    c. Condition Coverage
    d. Path Coverage

    5) Which of the following is not a quality characteristic listed in ISO 9126 Standard?
    a. Functionality
    b. Usability
    c. Supportability
    d. Maintainability

    6) To test a function, the programmer has to write a _________, which calls the function to be tested
    and passes it test data.
    a. Stub
    b. Driver
    c. Proxy
    d. None of the above

    7) Boundary value testing
    a. Is the same as equivalence partitioning tests
    b. Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes
    c. Tests combinations of input circumstances
    d. Is used in white box testing strategy

    8) Pick the best definition of quality
    a. Quality is job one
    b. Zero defects
    c. Conformance to requirements
    d. Work as designed

    9) Fault Masking is
    a. Error condition hiding another error condition
    b. Creating a test case which does not reveal a fault
    c. Masking a fault by developer
    d. Masking a fault by a tester

    10) One Key reason why developers have difficulty testing their own work is :
    a. Lack of technical documentation
    b. Lack of test tools on the market for developers
    c. Lack of training
    d. Lack of Objectivity

    11. During the software development process, at what point can the test process start?
    a. When the code is complete.
    b. When the design is complete.
    c. When the software requirements have been approved.
    d. When the first code module is ready for unit testing

    12. In a review meeting a moderator is a person who
    a. Takes minutes of the meeting
    b. Mediates between people
    c. Takes telephone calls
    d. Writes the documents to be reviewed

    13. Given the Following program
    IF X = Z
    THEN Statement 2;
    END
    McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity is :
    a. 2
    b. 3
    c. 4
    d. 5

    14. How many test cases are necessary to cover all the possible sequences of statements (paths) for the
    following program fragment? Assume that the two conditions are independent of each other : –
    if (Condition 1)
    then statement 1
    else statement 2
    fi
    if (Condition 2)
    then statement 3
    fi
    a. 2 Test Cases
    b. 3 Test Cases
    c. 4 Test Cases
    d. Not achievable

    15. Acceptance test cases are based on what?
    a. Requirements
    b. Design
    c. Code
    d. Decision table

    16. “How much testing is enough?”
    a. This question is impossible to answer
    b. This question is easy to answer
    c. The answer depends on the risk for your industry, contract and special requirements
    d. This answer depends on the maturity of your developers

    17. A common test technique during component test is
    a. Statement and branch testing
    b. Usability testing
    c. Security testing
    d. Performance testing

    18. Statement Coverage will not check for the following.
    a. Missing Statements
    b. Unused Branches
    c. Dead Code
    d. Unused Statement

    19. Independent Verification & Validation is
    a. Done by the Developer
    b. Done by the Test Engineers
    c. Done By Management
    d. Done by an Entity Outside the Project’s sphere of influence

    20. Code Coverage is used as a measure of what ?
    a. Defects
    b. Trends analysis
    c. Test Effectiveness
    d. Time Spent Testing

    Answers
    1 » c
    2 » d
    3 » c
    4 » b
    5 » c
    6 » b
    7 » b
    8 » c
    9 » a
    10 » d
    11 » c
    12 » b
    13 » b
    14 » a
    15 » a
    16 » c
    17 » a
    18 » a
    19 » d
    20 » c

    Enjoy….rock….
    All the best frnds…..

    Reply
  52. # 35 why was D not consider???
    d) 10000, 99999
    10000 = valid boundary (left boundary or minimum range) also (valid equivalence class)
    99999 = valid boundary (right boundary or maximum range) also (valid equivalence class)

    Reply
  53. What if i have 2 different input in the same program for example
    int a, b;
    but one of them have to 50<a while the other is 51<b
    should i have 2 partitions ?

    Reply
  54. Can anyone explain below questions with some examples?
    18) When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as:
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) Boundary value analysis
    c) Decision table
    d) Hybrid analysis
    Ans – A (not option B)
    One technique of Black Box testing is Equivalence Partitioning. In a program
    statement that accepts only one choice from among 10 possible choices,
    numbered 1 through 10, the middle partition would be from _____ to _____
    a) 4 to 6
    b) 0 to 10
    c) 1 to 10
    d) None of the above
    Ans -D (Not option C)

    Reply
  55. Keep on doing such a good work..

    we will be pleased if you can post test case management /execution Questionnaires..

    Thanks again for this post

    Reply
  56. Can you explain this

    Q28. Minimum Test Required for Statement Coverage :-

    Disc = 0
    Order-qty = 0
    Read Order-qty
    If Order-qty >=20 then
    Disc = 0.05
    If Order-qty >=100 then
    Disc =0.1
    End if
    End if

    a) Statement coverage is 4
    b) Statement coverage is 1
    c) Statement coverage is 3
    d) Statement Coverage is 2

    answer B

    Reply
  57. design the test case for boundary value analysis of he following consider a program that prompts the user to input 3 number (say x y z) and the data type for input parameters ensures that these will be integers greater than 0 and less or equal to 100.the program should then output the numbers in ascending order

    Reply
  58. hi all, in ISTQB Sample Question Paper Dump #2

    1) An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004.
    The boundary values for testing this field are:
    a. 0,1900,2004,2005
    b. 1900, 2004
    c. 1899,1900,2004,2005
    d. 1899, 1900, 1901,2003,2004,2005

    but the answer given is option c, while according to me answer should be option d.
    BV = LV-1, LV, LV+1, UV-1, UV, UV+1.
    so option d should be correct.

    Kindly suggest am i correct. And if i am wrong then why?

    Reply
  59. hi

    i want to know about Decision table testing and also how to solve Decision table testing questions.Please send me sample questions with detail explaination of the answer.

    Thanks in Advance

    Thanks & Regards
    Manasa

    Reply
  60. 1>which are major test documents?
    2>for research project which is the best development life cycle model?
    3>Software design involves?
    a. identification of algorithm. b. identification of data structure. c. designing of user interface. d. all of above
    4>who decided what to be corrected after the result of independent testing are reported?
    5>which is the new module that has to be added to the system to make regression testing as a normal part of integration testing ?
    6>test plan talks about ?
    a.schedules. b. features to b testted. c. design details. d. coading. e. resources
    7> where can ISO 9000 Quality management be applied?
    8>As a QC professional you will be doing what?
    a. Reviews. b. causal analysys. c. Statistical process control. d. defect prevention
    9> how customers perspective view of quality measured?
    10> in change control procedure who approves major changes.

    Reply
  61. hey ANSI i believe the answer is b- 9999, 50000, 100000 as in question “for only valid equivalence classes and valid boundaries:” in my answer 9999 & 100000 are BVA while 50000 is equivalence

    Reply
  62. Ans is C:-
    Boundary values for 5 are 4,6
    boundary values for 100 are 99 & 101
    so the option is C., where 4, 5 are boundary values for 5 and 99, is for 100

    Reply
  63. Hi,

    Could someone assist me in providing an explanation to this question which is related to the ISTQB advanced test analyst exam:

    You are testing a client/server system with a single input screen at the client side. The client input screen accepts five inputs, each of which has four equivalence classes. These inputs are then transmitted to the server, which processes them and returns a result.
    If you want to test using the classification tree for these inputs and cover the full set of combinations, how many test sets do you need?
    a) 16
    b) 125
    c) 1024
    d) 3125

    The answer is c) 1024
    But I have no idea how they have arrived at this answer.

    Could someone shed some light on this please?

    Reply
  64. IdentifyEquivalent Classes and Boundary values for each of the below requirements Requirements:

    An employee in an organization can enter transactions only in working hours. When an employee selects ‘transaction menu’ the system checks the ‘system time’ and performs the following checks 3

    1. Transactions are not allowed on Saturday and Sunday.

    2. There is a list of holidays. Transactions are not allowed on holidays. 3. For clerks, the ‘transaction hours’ are 9.00 to 13.00.

    4. For officers, the ‘transaction hours’ are 9.00 to 15.00.

    5. Anybody else is not allowed access to transaction menu.

    Reply
  65. Question : Postal rates for ‘light letters’ are 25p up to l0g, 35p up to 50g plus an extra l0p for each additional 25g up to l00g.
    Which test inputs (in grams) would be selected using equivalence partitioning?
    a. 8,42,82,102
    b. 4,15, 65, 92,159
    c. 10,50,75,100
    d. 5, 20, 40, 60, 80
    Can anybody solve the question in detail and send it to my mail.

    Reply
    • Since the question does not mention specifically valid or invalid equivalence partitions, the answer should be according to me b as it includes all the valid and invalid EPs.

      Reply
  66. There is a temperature controlling system in a Server Room, which takes current server room temperature
    (Celsius value) as the input and rotate fans on a specific round per minute (rpm) based on the input values.
    The RPM values of the fans based on input temperatures are as follows:
    °C < 15 = 500 rpm
    15<=°C<20 = 750 rpm
    20 <= °C <25 = 1000 rpm
    25 <= °C <35 = 2000 rpm
    35 <=°C = 5000 rpm
    Find the least number of equivalence classes and possible test input values required for this scenario?

    Reply
    • i think least number of possible test input values is 5……15<=C>5 ..15,16,17,18,19……20<=C>5…20,21,22,23,24…and least number of equivalence classes is also 5…
      1. C<15
      2. 15<=C<20
      3. 20<=C<25
      4. 25<=C=35

      Reply
      • i think least number of equivalence classes is 6:
        1. C<15
        2. 15<=C<20
        3. 20<=C<25
        4. 25<=C=35
        5. 35 5000 (invalid)

  67. Hi All,

    Although the user “ISTQBPrep” responded with their answers to Mr. Mallikarjun’s 58 thoughtful questions, since Mr Mallikarjun himself has not yet posted his answers, below I am posting my answers also, and hope to see response from Mr. Mallikarjun, for which big thanks in advance!

    With the simple explanation given by “softwaretestinghelp” team and by others on the forum, I now feel a bit comfortable on BVA and EP.

    However, I need similar help with topics like branch/statement/decision coverage. Any help is appreciated.

    Regards
    Sai

    1c
    2c
    3b
    4b
    5d
    6b
    7c
    8b
    9a
    10a
    11a
    12a
    13a
    14d
    15d
    16c
    17b
    18a
    19c
    20c
    21b
    22a
    23c
    24b
    25b
    26b
    27d
    28b
    29a
    30b
    31d
    32d
    33c
    34c
    35c
    36a
    37d
    38c
    39b
    40c
    41b
    42d
    43b
    44d
    45b
    46e
    47d
    48d
    49c
    50a
    51a
    52b
    53c
    54c
    55c
    56?
    57a
    58d
    ==========================

    Reply
  68. Hello All, here im giving some sample questions on ECP and BVA.plz try the answers, otherwise i will give later.

    1) Order numbers on a stock control system can range between 10000 and 99999 inclusive. Which of the following inputs might be a result of designing tests for only valid equivalence classes and valid boundaries:
    a) 1000, 5000, 99999
    b) 9999, 50000, 100000
    c) 10000, 50000, 99999
    d) 10000, 99999
    e) 9999, 10000, 50000, 99999, 10000

    2) Which of the following is NOT a black box technique:
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) State transition testing
    c) Syntax testing
    d) Boundary value analysis

    3) Error guessing is best used
    a) As the first approach to deriving test cases
    b) After more formal techniques have been applied
    c) By inexperienced testers
    d) After the system has gone live
    e) Only by end users

    4) Which is not true-The black box tester
    a. should be able to understand a functional specification or requirements document
    b. should be able to understand the source code.
    c. is highly motivated to find faults
    d. is creative to find the system’s weaknesses.

    5) A test design technique is
    a. a process for selecting test cases
    b. a process for determining expected outputs
    c. a way to measure the quality of software
    d. a way to measure in a test plan what has to be done

    6) Which of the following is true?
    a. Component testing should be black box, system testing should be white box.
    b. if u find a lot of bugs in testing, you should not be very confident about the quality of software
    c. the fewer bugs you find, the better your testing was
    d. the more tests you run, the more bugs you will find.

    7) What is the important criterion in deciding what testing technique to use?
    a. how well you know a particular technique
    b. the objective of the test
    c. how appropriate the technique is for testing the application
    d. whether there is a tool to support the technique

    8) Which of the following is a black box design technique?
    a. statement testing
    b. equivalence partitioning
    c. error- guessing
    d. usability testing

    9) A program validates a numeric field as follows:
    values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected
    Which of the following input values cover all of the equivalence partitions?
    a. 10, 11, 21
    b. 3, 20, 21
    c. 3, 10, 22
    d. 10, 21, 22

    10) Using the same specifications as question 9, which of the following covers the MOST boundary values?
    a. 9,10,11,22
    b. 9,10,21,22
    c. 10,11,21,22
    d. 10,11,20,21

    11) Error guessing:
    a) supplements formal test design techniques.
    b) can only be used in component, integration and system testing.
    c) is only performed in user acceptance testing.
    d) is not repeatable and should not be used.

    12) Which of the following is NOT a white box technique?
    a) Statement testing
    b) Path testing
    c) Data flow testing
    d) State transition testing

    13) Data flow analysis studies:
    a) possible communications bottlenecks in a program.
    b) the rate of change of data values as a program executes.
    c) the use of data on paths through the code.
    d) the intrinsic complexity of the code.

    14) In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
    An employee has £4000 of salary tax free. The next £1500 is taxed at 10%
    The next £28000 is taxed at 22%
    Any further amount is taxed at 40%
    Which of these groups of numbers would fall into the same equivalence class?
    a) £4800; £14000; £28000
    b) £5200; £5500; £28000
    c) £28001; £32000; £35000
    d) £5800; £28000; £32000

    15) Test cases are designed during:
    a) test recording.
    b) test planning.
    c) test configuration.
    d) test specification.

    16) An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004
    The boundary values for testing this field are
    a. 0,1900,2004,2005
    b. 1900, 2004
    c. 1899,1900,2004,2005
    d. 1899, 1900, 1901,2003,2004,2005

    17) Boundary value testing
    a. Is the same as equivalence partitioning tests?
    b. Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes
    c. Tests combinations of input circumstances
    d. Is used in white box testing strategy

    18) When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as:
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) Boundary value analysis
    c) Decision table
    d) Hybrid analysis

    19) Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage? It can be applied to human input, input via interfaces to a system, or interface parameters in integration testing.
    a) Error Guessing
    b) Boundary Value Analysis
    c) Decision Table testing
    d) Equivalence partitioning

    20) Features to be tested, approach, item pass/fail criteria and test deliverables should be specified in which document?
    a) Test case specification
    b) Test procedure specification
    c) Test plan
    d) Test design specification

    21) Which specification-based testing techniques are most closely related to each other?
    a) Decision tables and state transition testing
    b) Equivalence partitioning and state transition testing
    c) Decision tables and boundary value analysis
    d) Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis

    22) assume postal rates for ‘light letters’ are:
    $0.25 up to 10 grams
    $0.35 up to 50 grams
    $0.45 up to 75 grams
    $0.55 up to 100 grams
    Which test inputs (in grams) would be selected using boundary value analysis?
    a) 0, 9, 19, 49, 50, 74, 75, 99, 100
    b) 10, 50, 75, 100, 250, 1000
    c) 0, 1, 10, 11, 50, 51, 75, 76, 100, 101
    d) 25, 26, 35, 36, 45, 46, 55, 56

    23) If the temperature falls below 18 degrees, the heating system is switched on. When the temperature reaches 21 degrees, the heating system is switched off. What is the minimum set of test input values to cover all valid equivalence partitions?
    a) 15, 19 and 25 degrees
    b) 17, 18, 20 and 21 degrees
    c) 18, 20 and 22 degrees
    d) 16 and 26 degrees

    24) What is a test condition?
    a) An input, expected outcome, precondition and post condition
    b) The steps to be taken to get the system to a given point
    c) Something that can be tested
    d) A specific state of the software, ex: before a test can be run

    25) What is a key characteristic of specification-based testing techniques?
    a) Tests are derived from information about how the software is constructed
    b) Tests are derived from models (formal or informal) that specify the problem to be solved by the software or its components
    c) Tests are derived based on the skills and experience of the tester
    d) Tests are derived from the extent of the coverage of structural elements of the system or components

    26) Why are both specification-based and structure-based testing techniques useful?
    a) They find different types of defect.
    b) using more techniques is always better
    c) both find the same types of defect.
    d) Because specifications tend to be unstructured

    27) Find the Equivalence class for the following test case
    Enter a number to test the validity of being accepting the numbers between 1 and
    99
    a) All numbers 99
    c) Number = 0
    d) All numbers between 1 and 99

    28) What is the relationship between equivalence partitioning and boundary
    value analysis techniques?
    a) Structural testing
    b) Opaque testing
    c) Compatibility testing
    d) All of the above

    29) Suggest an alternative for requirement traceability matrix
    a) Test Coverage matrix
    b) Average defect aging
    c) Test Effectiveness
    d) Error discovery rate

    30) The following defines the statement of what the tester is expected to accomplish or validate during testing activity
    a) Test scope
    b) Test objective
    c) Test environment
    d) None of the above

    31) One technique of Black Box testing is Equivalence Partitioning. In a program
    statement that accepts only one choice from among 10 possible choices,
    numbered 1 through 10, the middle partition would be from _____ to _____
    a) 4 to 6
    b) 0 to 10
    c) 1 to 10
    d) None of the above

    32) Test design mainly emphasizes all the following except
    a) Data planning
    b) Test procedures planning
    c) Mapping the requirements and test cases
    d) Data synchronization

    33) Deliverables of test design phase include all the following except
    a) Test data
    b) Test data plan
    c) Test summary report
    d) Test procedure plan

    34) Test data planning essentially includes
    a) Network
    b) Operational Model
    c) Boundary value analysis
    d) Test Procedure Planning

    35) Test coverage analysis is the process of
    a) Creating additional test cases to increase coverage
    b) Finding areas of program exercised by the test cases
    c) Determining a quantitative measure of code coverage, which is a
    direct measure of quality.
    d) All of the above.

    36) Branch Coverage
    a) another name for decision coverage
    b) another name for all-edges coverage
    c) another name for basic path coverage
    d) all the above

    37) The following example is a
    if (condition1 && (condition2 || function1()))
    statement1;
    else
    statement2; (Testing concepts)
    a) Decision coverage
    b) Condition coverage
    c) Statement coverage
    d) Path Coverage

    38) Test cases need to be written for
    a) invalid and unexpected conditions
    b) valid and expected conditions
    c) both a and b
    d) none of these

    39) Path coverage includes
    a) statement coverage
    b) condition coverage
    c) decision coverage
    d) none of these

    40) The benefits of glass box testing are
    a) Focused Testing, Testing coverage, control flow
    b) Data integrity, Internal boundaries, algorithm specific testing
    c) Both a and b
    d) Either a or b

    41) Find the invalid equivalence class for the following test case
    Draw a line up to the length of 4 inches
    a) Line with 1 dot-width
    b) Curve
    c) line with 4 inches
    d) line with 1 inch.

    42) Error seeding
    a) Evaluates the thoroughness with which a computer program is tested by purposely inserting errors into a supposedly correct program.
    b) Errors inserted by the developers intentionally to make the system
    malfunctioning.
    c) for identifying existing errors
    d) Both a and b

    43) Which of the following best describes the difference between clear
    box and opaque box?
    1. Clear box is structural testing, opaque box is Ad-hoc testing
    2. Clear box is done by tester, and opaque box is done by developer
    3. Opaque box is functional testing, clear box is exploratory testing
    a) 1
    b) 1 and 3
    c) 2
    d) 3

    44) What is the concept of introducing a small change to the program and having the effects of that change show up in some test?
    a) Desk checking
    b) Debugging a program
    c) A mutation error
    d) Introducing mutation

    45) How many test cases are necessary to cover all the possible sequences of statements (paths) for the following program fragment? Assume that the two conditions are independent of each other : – …………
    if (Condition 1)
    then statement 1
    else statement 2
    fi
    if (Condition 2)
    then statement 3
    fi
    …………
    a. 1 test case
    b. 3 Test Cases
    c. 4 Test Cases
    d. Not achievable

    46) Given the following code, which is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage:
    Read P
    Read Q
    IF P+Q > 100 THEN
    Print “Large”
    ENDIF
    If P > 50 THEN
    Print “P Large”
    ENDIF
    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    b) 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    d) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    e) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

    47) Given the following:
    Switch PC on
    Start “outlook”
    IF outlook appears THEN
    Send an email
    Close outlook
    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    b) 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 1 test for statement coverage. 3 for branch coverage
    d) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    e) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage

    48) If a candidate is given an exam of 40 questions, should get 25 marks to pass (61%) and should get 80% for distinction, what is equivalence class?
    A. 23, 24, 25
    B. 0, 12, 25
    C. 30, 36, 39
    D. 32, 37, 40

    49) Consider the following statements:
    i. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
    ii. 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% statement coverage.
    iii. 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.
    iv. 100% decision coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
    v. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.
    a) ii is True; i, iii, iv & v are False
    b) i & v are True; ii, iii & iv are False
    c) ii & iii are True; i, iv & v are False
    d) ii, iii & iv are True; i & v are False

    50) Which statement about expected outcomes is FALSE?
    a) Expected outcomes are defined by the software’s behavior
    b) Expected outcomes are derived from a specification, not from the code
    c) Expected outcomes should be predicted before a test is run
    d) Expected outcomes may include timing constraints such as response times

    51) Which of the following is not a white box testing?
    a) Random testing
    b) Data Flow testing
    c) Statement testing
    d) Syntax testing

    52) If the pseudo code below were a programming language, how many tests are required to achieve 100% statement coverage?
    1. If x=3 then
    2. Display_messageX;
    3. If y=2 then
    4. Display_messageY;
    5. Else
    6. Display_messageZ;
    a. 1
    b. 2
    c. 3
    d. 4

    53) Using the same code example as question 17, how many tests are required to achieve 100% branch/decision coverage?
    a. 1
    b. 2
    c. 3
    d. 4

    54) Which of the following technique is NOT a black box technique?
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) State transition testing
    c) LCSAJ
    d) Syntax testing

    55) Given the following code, which is true?
    IF A>B THEN
    C = A – B
    ELSE
    C = A + B
    ENDIF
    Read D
    IF C = D THEN
    Print “Error”
    ENDIF
    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    b) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    d) 3 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    e) 3 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

    56) Consider the following:
    Pick up and read the news paper
    Look at what is on television
    If there is a program that you are interested in watching then switch the television on and watch the program
    Otherwise
    Continue reading the news paper
    If there a crossword in the news paper then try and complete the crossword
    a) SC = 1 and DC = 3
    b) SC = 1 and DC = 2
    c) SC = 2 and DC = 2
    d) SC = 2 and DC = 3

    57) The specification: an integer field shall contain values from and including 1 to and including 12 (number of the month)
    Which equivalence class partitioning is correct?
    a) Less than 1, 1 through 12, larger than 12
    b) Less than 1, 1 through 11, larger than 12
    c) Less than 0, 1 through 12, larger than 12
    d) Less than 1, 1 through 11, and above

    58) Analyze the following highly simplified procedure:
    Ask: “What type of ticket do you require, single or return?”
    IF the customer wants ‘return’
    Ask: “What rate, Standard or Cheap-day?”
    IF the customer replies ‘Cheap-day’
    Say: “That will be £11:20”
    ELSE
    Say: “That will be £19:50”
    ENDIF
    ELSE
    Say: “That will be £9:75”
    ENDIF

    Now decide the minimum number of tests that are needed to ensure that all the questions have been asked, all combinations have occurred and all replies given.
    a) 3
    b) 4
    c) 5
    d) 6

    Reply
  69. simple question?

    in BVA why some time we choose input data from inside boundry while some time the boundray itself e.g: 1 to 100 so input 0,1,100,101 and some time 0,2, 101

    i am getting confused

    Reply
  70. Hello Giri
    Thanks for your answer but …plz justify your answer bit more..
    what m thinking is 9999 value is invalid..since range is from 10000 and 99999 inclusive…so please do the needful…m about to face ISTQB

    Reply
  71. Please answer the below question. According to me the answer should be b (x=3 y=2, x3 y2) but it is given as c

    17. If the pseudocode below were a programming language ,how many tests are required to achieve
    100% statement coverage?
    1. If x=3 then
    2. Display_messageX;
    3. If y=2 then
    4. Display_messageY;
    5. Else
    6. Display_messageZ;
    7. Else
    8. Display_messageZ;

    a. 1
    b. 2
    c. 3
    d. 4

    Reply
    • It’s correct, the answer is c
      1st: x = 3 and y = 2 -> msg x and msg y.
      2nd: x = 3 and y 2 -> msg x and msg z.
      3rd: x 3 and y any value -> only msg z.

      Reply
      • correct answer B.
        1st: x = 3 and y = 2 -> msg x and msg y.
        2nd: x =different of 3 and y different of 2 -> msg z and msg z.

  72. Where are the answers for the questions posted by G.Mallikarjun on 07.27.09 at 12:26 pm ?

    Please send me the answers or post it here so that we can check if we got the correct answers.

    Thanks!

    Reply
  73. Hello Madam,
    I am Mahipal.I am working a small sw company as tester.i joined past 2 months.i want to write QA certification exam please guide me..

    Reply
  74. 1) Order numbers on a stock control system can range between 10000 and 99999 inclusive. Which of the following inputs might be a result of designing tests for only valid equivalence classes and valid boundaries:
    a) 1000, 5000, 99999
    b) 9999, 50000, 100000
    c) 10000, 50000, 99999
    d) 10000, 99999
    e) 9999, 10000, 50000, 99999, 10000
    ——–C
    2) Which of the following is NOT a black box technique:
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) State transition testing
    c) Syntax testing
    d) Boundary value analysis

    3) Error guessing is best used
    a) As the first approach to deriving test cases
    b) After more formal techniques have been applied
    c) By inexperienced testers
    d) After the system has gone live
    e) Only by end users
    ——A
    4) Which is not true-The black box tester
    a. should be able to understand a functional specification or requirements document
    b. should be able to understand the source code.
    c. is highly motivated to find faults
    d. is creative to find the system’s weaknesses.
    ———–A
    5) A test design technique is
    a. a process for selecting test cases
    b. a process for determining expected outputs
    c. a way to measure the quality of software
    d. a way to measure in a test plan what has to be done
    -B
    6) Which of the following is true?
    a. Component testing should be black box, system testing should be white box.
    b. if u find a lot of bugs in testing, you should not be very confident about the quality of software
    c. the fewer bugs you find, the better your testing was
    d. the more tests you run, the more bugs you will find.
    —–B
    7) What is the important criterion in deciding what testing technique to use?
    a. how well you know a particular technique
    b. the objective of the test
    c. how appropriate the technique is for testing the application
    d. whether there is a tool to support the technique

    8) Which of the following is a black box design technique?
    a. statement testing
    b. equivalence partitioning
    c. error- guessing
    d. usability testing

    9) A program validates a numeric field as follows:
    values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected
    Which of the following input values cover all of the equivalence partitions?
    a. 10, 11, 21
    b. 3, 20, 21
    c. 3, 10, 22
    d. 10, 21, 22

    10) Using the same specifications as question 9, which of the following covers the MOST boundary values?
    a. 9,10,11,22
    b. 9,10,21,22
    c. 10,11,21,22
    d. 10,11,20,21

    11) Error guessing:
    a) supplements formal test design techniques.
    b) can only be used in component, integration and system testing.
    c) is only performed in user acceptance testing.
    d) is not repeatable and should not be used.

    12) Which of the following is NOT a white box technique?
    a) Statement testing
    b) Path testing
    c) Data flow testing
    d) State transition testing

    13) Data flow analysis studies:
    a) possible communications bottlenecks in a program.
    b) the rate of change of data values as a program executes.
    c) the use of data on paths through the code.
    d) the intrinsic complexity of the code.

    14) In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
    An employee has £4000 of salary tax free. The next £1500 is taxed at 10%
    The next £28000 is taxed at 22%
    Any further amount is taxed at 40%
    Which of these groups of numbers would fall into the same equivalence class?
    a) £4800; £14000; £28000
    b) £5200; £5500; £28000
    c) £28001; £32000; £35000
    d) £5800; £28000; £32000

    15) Test cases are designed during:
    a) test recording.
    b) test planning.
    c) test configuration.
    d) test specification.

    16) An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004
    The boundary values for testing this field are
    a. 0,1900,2004,2005
    b. 1900, 2004
    c. 1899,1900,2004,2005
    d. 1899, 1900, 1901,2003,2004,2005

    17) Boundary value testing
    a. Is the same as equivalence partitioning tests?
    b. Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes
    c. Tests combinations of input circumstances
    d. Is used in white box testing strategy

    18) When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as:
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) Boundary value analysis
    c) Decision table
    d) Hybrid analysis

    19) Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage? It can be applied to human input, input via interfaces to a system, or interface parameters in integration testing.
    a) Error Guessing
    b) Boundary Value Analysis
    c) Decision Table testing
    d) Equivalence partitioning

    20) Features to be tested, approach, item pass/fail criteria and test deliverables should be specified in which document?
    a) Test case specification
    b) Test procedure specification
    c) Test plan
    d) Test design specification

    21) Which specification-based testing techniques are most closely related to each other?
    a) Decision tables and state transition testing
    b) Equivalence partitioning and state transition testing
    c) Decision tables and boundary value analysis
    d) Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis

    22) assume postal rates for ‘light letters’ are:
    $0.25 up to 10 grams
    $0.35 up to 50 grams
    $0.45 up to 75 grams
    $0.55 up to 100 grams
    Which test inputs (in grams) would be selected using boundary value analysis?
    a) 0, 9, 19, 49, 50, 74, 75, 99, 100
    b) 10, 50, 75, 100, 250, 1000
    c) 0, 1, 10, 11, 50, 51, 75, 76, 100, 101
    d) 25, 26, 35, 36, 45, 46, 55, 56

    23) If the temperature falls below 18 degrees, the heating system is switched on. When the temperature reaches 21 degrees, the heating system is switched off. What is the minimum set of test input values to cover all valid equivalence partitions?
    a) 15, 19 and 25 degrees
    b) 17, 18, 20 and 21 degrees
    c) 18, 20 and 22 degrees
    d) 16 and 26 degrees

    24) What is a test condition?
    a) An input, expected outcome, precondition and post condition
    b) The steps to be taken to get the system to a given point
    c) Something that can be tested
    d) A specific state of the software, ex: before a test can be run

    25) What is a key characteristic of specification-based testing techniques?
    a) Tests are derived from information about how the software is constructed
    b) Tests are derived from models (formal or informal) that specify the problem to be solved by the software or its components
    c) Tests are derived based on the skills and experience of the tester
    d) Tests are derived from the extent of the coverage of structural elements of the system or components

    26) Why are both specification-based and structure-based testing techniques useful?
    a) They find different types of defect.
    b) using more techniques is always better
    c) both find the same types of defect.
    d) Because specifications tend to be unstructured

    27) Find the Equivalence class for the following test case
    Enter a number to test the validity of being accepting the numbers between 1 and
    99
    a) All numbers 99
    c) Number = 0
    d) All numbers between 1 and 99

    28) What is the relationship between equivalence partitioning and boundary
    value analysis techniques?
    a) Structural testing
    b) Opaque testing
    c) Compatibility testing
    d) All of the above

    29) Suggest an alternative for requirement traceability matrix
    a) Test Coverage matrix
    b) Average defect aging
    c) Test Effectiveness
    d) Error discovery rate

    30) The following defines the statement of what the tester is expected to accomplish or validate during testing activity
    a) Test scope
    b) Test objective
    c) Test environment
    d) None of the above

    31) One technique of Black Box testing is Equivalence Partitioning. In a program
    statement that accepts only one choice from among 10 possible choices,
    numbered 1 through 10, the middle partition would be from _____ to _____
    a) 4 to 6
    b) 0 to 10
    c) 1 to 10
    d) None of the above

    32) Test design mainly emphasizes all the following except
    a) Data planning
    b) Test procedures planning
    c) Mapping the requirements and test cases
    d) Data synchronization

    33) Deliverables of test design phase include all the following except
    a) Test data
    b) Test data plan
    c) Test summary report
    d) Test procedure plan

    34) Test data planning essentially includes
    a) Network
    b) Operational Model
    c) Boundary value analysis
    d) Test Procedure Planning

    35) Test coverage analysis is the process of
    a) Creating additional test cases to increase coverage
    b) Finding areas of program exercised by the test cases
    c) Determining a quantitative measure of code coverage, which is a
    direct measure of quality.
    d) All of the above.

    36) Branch Coverage
    a) another name for decision coverage
    b) another name for all-edges coverage
    c) another name for basic path coverage
    d) all the above

    37) The following example is a
    if (condition1 && (condition2 || function1()))
    statement1;
    else
    statement2; (Testing concepts)
    a) Decision coverage
    b) Condition coverage
    c) Statement coverage
    d) Path Coverage

    38) Test cases need to be written for
    a) invalid and unexpected conditions
    b) valid and expected conditions
    c) both a and b
    d) none of these

    39) Path coverage includes
    a) statement coverage
    b) condition coverage
    c) decision coverage
    d) none of these

    40) The benefits of glass box testing are
    a) Focused Testing, Testing coverage, control flow
    b) Data integrity, Internal boundaries, algorithm specific testing
    c) Both a and b
    d) Either a or b

    41) Find the invalid equivalence class for the following test case
    Draw a line up to the length of 4 inches
    a) Line with 1 dot-width
    b) Curve
    c) line with 4 inches
    d) line with 1 inch.

    42) Error seeding
    a) Evaluates the thoroughness with which a computer program is tested by purposely inserting errors into a supposedly correct program.
    b) Errors inserted by the developers intentionally to make the system
    malfunctioning.
    c) for identifying existing errors
    d) Both a and b

    43) Which of the following best describes the difference between clear
    box and opaque box?
    1. Clear box is structural testing, opaque box is Ad-hoc testing
    2. Clear box is done by tester, and opaque box is done by developer
    3. Opaque box is functional testing, clear box is exploratory testing
    a) 1
    b) 1 and 3
    c) 2
    d) 3

    44) What is the concept of introducing a small change to the program and having the effects of that change show up in some test?
    a) Desk checking
    b) Debugging a program
    c) A mutation error
    d) Introducing mutation

    45) How many test cases are necessary to cover all the possible sequences of statements (paths) for the following program fragment? Assume that the two conditions are independent of each other : – …………
    if (Condition 1)
    then statement 1
    else statement 2
    fi
    if (Condition 2)
    then statement 3
    fi
    …………
    a. 1 test case
    b. 3 Test Cases
    c. 4 Test Cases
    d. Not achievable

    46) Given the following code, which is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage:
    Read P
    Read Q
    IF P+Q > 100 THEN
    Print “Large”
    ENDIF
    If P > 50 THEN
    Print “P Large”
    ENDIF
    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    b) 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    d) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    e) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

    47) Given the following:
    Switch PC on
    Start “outlook”
    IF outlook appears THEN
    Send an email
    Close outlook
    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    b) 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 1 test for statement coverage. 3 for branch coverage
    d) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    e) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage

    48) If a candidate is given an exam of 40 questions, should get 25 marks to pass (61%) and should get 80% for distinction, what is equivalence class?
    A. 23, 24, 25
    B. 0, 12, 25
    C. 30, 36, 39
    D. 32, 37, 40

    49) Consider the following statements:
    i. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
    ii. 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% statement coverage.
    iii. 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.
    iv. 100% decision coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
    v. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.
    a) ii is True; i, iii, iv & v are False
    b) i & v are True; ii, iii & iv are False
    c) ii & iii are True; i, iv & v are False
    d) ii, iii & iv are True; i & v are False

    50) Which statement about expected outcomes is FALSE?
    a) Expected outcomes are defined by the software’s behavior
    b) Expected outcomes are derived from a specification, not from the code
    c) Expected outcomes should be predicted before a test is run
    d) Expected outcomes may include timing constraints such as response times

    51) Which of the following is not a white box testing?
    a) Random testing
    b) Data Flow testing
    c) Statement testing
    d) Syntax testing

    52) If the pseudo code below were a programming language, how many tests are required to achieve 100% statement coverage?
    1. If x=3 then
    2. Display_messageX;
    3. If y=2 then
    4. Display_messageY;
    5. Else
    6. Display_messageZ;
    a. 1
    b. 2
    c. 3
    d. 4

    53) Using the same code example as question 17, how many tests are required to achieve 100% branch/decision coverage?
    a. 1
    b. 2
    c. 3
    d. 4

    54) Which of the following technique is NOT a black box technique?
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) State transition testing
    c) LCSAJ
    d) Syntax testing

    55) Given the following code, which is true?
    IF A>B THEN
    C = A – B
    ELSE
    C = A + B
    ENDIF
    Read D
    IF C = D THEN
    Print “Error”
    ENDIF
    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    b) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    d) 3 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    e) 3 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

    56) Consider the following:
    Pick up and read the news paper
    Look at what is on television
    If there is a program that you are interested in watching then switch the television on and watch the program
    Otherwise
    Continue reading the news paper
    If there a crossword in the news paper then try and complete the crossword
    a) SC = 1 and DC = 3
    b) SC = 1 and DC = 2
    c) SC = 2 and DC = 2
    d) SC = 2 and DC = 3

    57) The specification: an integer field shall contain values from and including 1 to and including 12 (number of the month)
    Which equivalence class partitioning is correct?
    a) Less than 1, 1 through 12, larger than 12
    b) Less than 1, 1 through 11, larger than 12
    c) Less than 0, 1 through 12, larger than 12
    d) Less than 1, 1 through 11, and above

    58) Analyze the following highly simplified procedure:
    Ask: “What type of ticket do you require, single or return?”
    IF the customer wants ‘return’
    Ask: “What rate, Standard or Cheap-day?”
    IF the customer replies ‘Cheap-day’
    Say: “That will be £11:20”
    ELSE
    Say: “That will be £19:50”
    ENDIF
    ELSE
    Say: “That will be £9:75”
    ENDIF

    Now decide the minimum number of tests that are needed to ensure that all the questions have been asked, all combinations have occurred and all replies given.
    a) 3
    b) 4
    c) 5
    d) 6

    Reply
  75. 1 classes for Marital status (married)
    2 classes for Salary (less than 20000 and greater than 20000)
    3 classes for children ( [=5]
    Hence 1+2+3 = 6

    Reply
  76. Hello All,
    Here I’m giving some ISTQB sample questions and answers.The answer is in capital letter of one of a,b,c,d and e.
    1 When what is visible to end-users is a deviation from the specific or expected behavior, this is called:
    a) an error
    b) a fault
    C) a failure
    d) a defect
    e) a mistake

    2 Regression testing should be performed:
    v) every week
    w) after the software has changed
    x) as often as possible
    y) when the environment has changed
    z) when the project manager says

    a) v & w are true, x – z are false
    b) w, x & y are true, v & z are false
    C) w & y are true, v, x & z are false
    d) w is true, v, x y and z are false
    e) all of the above are true

    3 IEEE 829 test plan documentation standard contains all of the following except:
    a) test items
    b) test deliverables
    c) test tasks
    d) test environment
    E) test specification

    4 Testing should be stopped when:
    a) all the planned tests have been run
    b) time has run out
    c) all faults have been fixed correctly
    d) both a) and c)
    E) it depends on the risks for the system being tested
    5. The main focus of acceptance testing is:
    a) finding faults in the system
    b) ensuring that the system is acceptable to all users
    c) testing the system with other systems
    D) testing for a business perspective
    e) testing by an independent test team

    6 Consider the following statements about early test design:
    i. early test design can prevent fault multiplication
    ii. faults found during early test design are more expensive to fix
    iii. early test design can find faults
    iv. early test design can cause changes to the requirements
    v. early test design takes more effort

    A) i, iii & iv are true. Ii & v are false
    b) iii is true, I, ii, iv & v are false
    c) iii & iv are true. i, ii & v are false
    d) i, iii, iv & v are true, ii us false
    e) i & iii are true, ii, iv & v are false

    7 Non-functional system testing includes:
    a) testing to see where the system does not function properly
    B) testing quality attributes of the system including performance and usability
    c) testing a system feature using only the software required for that action
    d) testing a system feature using only the software required for that function
    e) testing for functions that should not exist

    8 Which of the following is NOT part of configuration management:
    a) status accounting of configuration items
    B) auditing conformance to ISO9001
    c) identification of test versions
    d) record of changes to documentation over time
    e) controlled library access

    9 Which of the following is the main purpose of the integration strategy for integration testing in the small?
    a) to ensure that all of the small modules are tested adequately
    b) to ensure that the system interfaces to other systems and networks
    C) to specify which modules to combine when and how many at once
    d) to ensure that the integration testing can be performed by a small team
    e) to specify how the software should be divided into modules

    10 What is the purpose of test completion criteria in a test plan:
    a) to know when a specific test has finished its execution
    b) to ensure that the test case specification is complete
    c) to set the criteria used in generating test inputs
    d) to know when test planning is complete
    E) to plan when to stop testing

    11 Consider the following statements
    i. an incident may be closed without being fixed
    ii. incidents may not be raised against documentation
    iii. the final stage of incident tracking is fixing
    iv. the incident record does not include information on test environments
    v. incidents should be raised when someone other than the author of the software performs the test

    a) ii and v are true, I, iii and iv are false
    B) i and v are true, ii, iii and iv are false
    c) i, iv and v are true, ii and iii are false
    d) i and ii are true, iii, iv and v are false
    e) i is true, ii, iii, iv and v are false
    12 Given the following code, which is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage:
    Read P
    Read Q
    IF P+Q > 100 THEN
    Print “Large”
    ENDIF
    If P > 50 THEN
    Print “P Large”
    ENDIF

    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    B) 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    d) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    e) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

    13 Given the following:
    Switch PC on
    Start “outlook”
    IF outlook appears THEN
    Send an email
    Close outlook

    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 1 for branch coverage
    B) 1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 1 test for statement coverage. 3 for branch coverage
    d) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    e) 2 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage

    14 Given the following code, which is true:
    IF A > B THEN
    C = A – B
    ELSE
    C = A + B
    ENDIF
    Read D
    IF C = D Then
    Print “Error”
    ENDIF

    a) 1 test for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    B) 2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
    c) 2 tests for statement coverage. 3 for branch coverage
    d) 3 tests for statement coverage, 3 for branch coverage
    e) 3 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

    15 Consider the following:
    Pick up and read the newspaper
    Look at what is on television
    If there is a program that you are interested in watching then switch the the television on and watch the program
    Otherwise
    Continue reading the newspaper
    If there is a crossword in the newspaper then try and complete the crossword

    a) SC = 1 and DC = 1
    b) SC = 1 and DC = 2
    c) SC = 1 and DC = 3
    d) SC = 2 and DC = 2
    E) SC = 2 and DC = 3

    16 The place to start if you want a (new) test tool is:
    a) Attend a tool exhibition
    b) Invite a vendor to give a demo
    C) Analyze your needs and requirements
    d) Find out what your budget would be for the tool
    e) Search the internet

    17 When a new testing tool is purchased, it should be used first by:
    a) A small team to establish the best way to use the tool
    B) Everyone who may eventually have some use for the tool
    c) The independent testing team
    d) The managers to see what projects it should be used in
    e) The vendor contractor to write the initial scripts

    18 What can static analysis NOT find?
    a) The use of a variable before it has been defined
    b) Unreachable (“dead”) code
    C) Whether the value stored in a variable is correct
    d) The re-definition of a variable before it has been used
    e) Array bound violations

    19 Which of the following is NOT a black box technique:
    a) Equivalence partitioning
    b) State transition testing
    C) LCSAJ
    d) Syntax testing
    e) Boundary value analysis

    20 Beta testing is:
    A) Performed by customers at their own site
    b) Performed by customers at their software developer’s site
    c) Performed by an independent test team
    d) Useful to test bespoke software
    e) Performed as early as possible in the lifecycle

    I will give more questions and answers later.

    Reply
  77. Assume that the application systems do not accept an integer value in the range of 1 -16,
    values range of 16 to 70 are accepted, values greater than 70 is rejected and values in three
    digits are also rejected. Produce equivalence partitioning for the program

    Reply
    • Equivalence Class I, Boundry Values => 0,1,16,17
      Equivalence Class II, Boundry Values => 16, 17, 70, 71
      Equivalence Class III, Boundry Values => 99, 100, 999, 1000

      Reply
  78. I got problem with some questions. Can anyone help me to understand?

    1. Cyclomatic complexity is used to calculate-
    a>number of independent paths in the basis set of a program.
    b>number of binary decisiobs+1

    The answer is given b. But why it should not be a?

    2. Which of the following is not included in Test plan-
    a>Suspension criteria
    b>Expected result

    Given answer is b. Why it not a?

    3.Which of the following statements is true of static analysis:

    a>Static analysis can find faults that are hard to find with dynamic testing.
    b>Compiling code is not a form of static analysis.

    ANswer is b. But why a is incorrect?

    Reply
  79. Sir in the 7 th qstn which u given the qstns on BVA& EVP,
    the question and explanation is not matching….whether it is wrong or correct i am not understanding please help me
    regards,
    vaseem

    Reply
  80. helloo guys can anyone provide answers for these questions to my mail id …plzz…atleast from 1- 58 it wud really help me..thanks in advance..

    Reply
  81. Hi

    Anyone can explain about statement and branch coverage with examples like BVA&EP.

    Pl explain these kind of questins,( I want explanation )
    Q27. Minimum Tests Required for Statement Coverage and Branch Coverage :-

    Read P
    Read Q
    If p+q > 100
    thenPrint “Large”End if
    If p > 50 then
    Print “pLarge”
    End if

    a) Statement coverage is 2, Branch Coverage is 2
    b) Statement coverage is 3 and branch coverage is 2
    c) Statement coverage is 1 and branch coverage is 2
    d) Statement Coverage is 4 and Branch coverage is 2

    Thanks
    Sudha

    Reply
  82. Can anyone help me put with this?

    Below you will find the requirements to identify the Account Diversity Grade of a user. Read the
    requirements carefully and identify what test users you need to setup in order to completely
    test and make sure all the below requirements are covered. (Note: you should identify the
    optimum (minimum) number of users needed to test all of the requirements)
    Requirements:
    A user can have different types of loan accounts. Now we grade a user’s Account Diversity based
    on two factors.
    1) loanTypeCount
    2) totalAccounts
    loanTypeCount = the number of different (distinct) LoanType values for all accounts that the
    user has.
    However do not include LoanType = Unknown & Collections but include all others
    Applicable values for LoanType are ( Home Loan, Heloc, Credit Card, Car Loan, Collections,
    Unknown)
    totalAccounts = total number of loan accounts user has (do not include LoanType = Unknown &
    Collections but include all others)
    example-> if user has 3 credit cards and 2 home loans and 1 Collection account, then
    totalAccounts = 5 and loanTypeCount = 2)
    The logic to determine accountDiversityGrade is the following:
    If totalAccounts> 20 or loanTypeCount >= 4, accountDiversityGrade = A
    Else if totalAccounts> 10 or loanTypeCount = 3, accountDiversityGrade = B
    Else if totalAccounts>= 5 or loanTypeCount= 2, accountDiversityGrade = C
    Else if totalAccounts > 0 or loanTypeCount = 1, accountDiversityGrade = D
    Else accountDiversityGrade=null (n/a)

    Reply
  83. I want to clarify one thing, in the equivalence patitioning questions, sometimes the range is given as ex. between 10 and 20, and sometimes between 10 and 20 inclusive…… But in both the cases they consider including 10 and 20 in the example. Then, why to specify inclusive in one case?

    Reply
  84. Hi. I got problem with some questions. Can anyone help me to understand?

    1.Distinguish between the root cause of a defect and its effects?

    2.Give reasons why testing isnecessary by giving examples?

    3.Describe why testing is part of quality assurance and give examples of how testing contributes to higher quality.?

    Reply
  85. I want to give ISTQB exam ASAP. Kindly guide me from where i can get the dumps and study material to prepare in a best manner.

    Thanks In Advance.

    Reply
  86. State true or false: All inputs from one partition of inputs in equivalence class partitioning will result in the same output when the
    program is run on them.
    True.
    False.

    Reply
  87. A program validates a numeric field as follows: values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected. Which of the following covers the MOST boundary values?

    a. 9,10,11,22
    b. 9,10,21,22
    c. 10,11,21,22
    d. 10,11,20,21

    i have got the same question but option where of only 3 valus like:
    a. 9,10,22
    b. 9,21,22
    c. 10,21,22
    d,9,10,11

    What should be the answer

    Reply
  88. Hi Sir ,

    Please sir can you send me correct ans.

    1:- Which is not functional testing technique?

    a. BVA
    b. Decision table
    c. Regression testing
    d. None of the above

    2:-One weakness of BVA and Equivalence partitioning is

    a. They are not effected
    b. They do not explore combinations of input circumstances
    c. They explore combinations of input circumstances
    d. None of the above

    3:- Decision table are useful in situation where

    a. An Action is taken under varying set of conditions
    b. Number of combinations of actions are taken under varying set of conditions
    c. No action is taken under varying set of conditions
    d. None of the above

    4:-BVA is based upon
    a. Single fault assumption theory
    b. Multiple fault assumption theory
    c. Both of above
    d. None of the above

    5:-”Causes” and “Effects” are related to
    a. Input and Output
    b. Output and Input
    c. Destination and Source
    d. None of the above

    6:-Which of the following tool you will use to detect Memory Leak

    a. Static Analysis
    b. Coverage Analysis
    c. Dynamic Analysis
    d. Memory Analysis

    7:- Functionality of software is tested by

    a. White Box Testing
    b. Black Box Testing
    c. Regression Testing
    d. None of the above

    8:- During Validation

    a. Process is checked
    b. Product is checked
    c. Developer’s performance is equivalent
    d. The Customer checks the product

    9:- Which of the following could be a reason for a failure?

    1. Testing fault
    2. software fault
    3. Design fault
    4. Environment fault
    5. Documentation fault
    a:- 2 is a valid reason ;1,3,4,4 are not
    b:- 1,2,3,4 are valid reasons; 5 is not
    c:- 1,2,3 are valid reasons; 4&5 are not
    d:- all of them are valid reason for failure

    Reply
  89. Hi MahendraKumar,

    Answer of your 1st question is;
    A stub is a dummy program.

    answer of your 2nd ques. is:

    100% code coverage means each line of code is executed atleast once.

    Rock!

    Reply
  90. Hey Pranesh Joshi , the answer is C becoz only the upper boundary and lower boundary will be taking into consideration becoz the values mentioned in option D 1901,2003, 2004 will be covered cumulatively in answer C btw 1900 to 2004.

    Reply
    • In addition to Bhushan’s answer, if the values to be considered during BVA is not mentioned in the question , by default it has to be 2-pointer evaluation.

      Reply
  91. please check Cyclomatic Complexity from here not from above post

    Formula : L-N+2P , since no disconnected graphs exists in the questions simple formula , L-N+ no of conditions,
    Given the Following program
    IF X = Z THEN Statement 2;
    END
    McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity is :
    a. 2
    b. 3
    c. 4
    d. 5

    explanation::
    1)if c1 true , print s1
    2)else if c1 false, c2 true , print s2
    3)c1 false, c2 fasle
    4)end if
    5)end

    can i consider add end if, if not provided in question?

    Ans: 7-6 + 2 =3 , B

    But I can’t able to answer below question

    Given the Following program
    IF X = Z
    THEN Statement 2;
    END
    McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity is :

    A. 2
    B. 3
    C. 4
    D. 5

    Simple formula: no of conditions + 1,
    if I consider = as two conditions ans is 2+1=3, B

    am i right?

    thank you

    Reply
  92. Hi,

    Can someone guide me on the calculation below as im a newbie here. Do we ignore the % of tax??

    Kindly help.. Thank you
    ——In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
    An employee has £4000 of salary tax free.
    The next £1500 is taxed at 10%.
    The next £28000 after that is taxed at 22%.
    Any further amount is taxed at 40%.

    To the nearest whole pound, which of these is a valid Boundary Value Analysis test case?
    a) £28000
    b) £33501
    c) £32001
    d) £1500

    Reply
  93. You are testing software that controls the amount of water sprayed by an automatic sprinkler
    system. The amount to be sprayed in an hour is determined by the weather conditions for the
    previous 3 days. The weather conditions can be either sunny, cloudy or rainy. The maximum
    amount of water will be sprayed if the previous conditions were sunny, sunny, sunny. No water
    will be sprayed if there were two rainy days in the previous three days. Varying amounts will be
    sprayed depending on the mix of the previous days. For example, rainy, sunny, sunny will get
    more water than sunny, cloudy, rainy.
    The software also determines the type of spray to use based on the type of grass being
    sprayed. There are five different categories of grasses that are supported.
    By applying equivalence partitioning to the weather conditions, how many test cases will be
    needed to cover the weather conditions and spray types?
    a. 9
    b. 15
    c. 21
    d. 27

    Reply
  94. Derive the test cases for the following problem using boundary value analysis and
    equivalence class partitioning.
    Special Insurance scheme is introduced for the employees of an organization for a
    period of one month. Consider a program to find the date of maturity of the insurance
    plan taken on a particular date. If the age of the applicant is greater than 40 then the
    date of maturity is calculated after 20 years, else the date of maturity is calculated
    after 30 years. (Input fields are age, date of joining the plan). The range of inputs are
    Age of employee – 18-45
    Date of joining – 01/09/2018-31/10/2018

    Reply
    • Boundary Value Analysis:
      Test Cases: 17, 18, 19, 40, 41
      Date of Joining the Plan:
      Test Cases: 31/08/2018, 01/09/2018, 30/09/2018, 31/10/2018, 01/11/2018

      Reply
  95. Q. 437: Following are some of the testing risks
    A. Budget, Test environment
    B. Budget, Number of qualified test resources
    C. Budget, Number of qualified test resources, Test environment
    D. None of the above

    what should be the ans somewhere its given as c and somewhere b , pls help me in understanding the question and correct answer.

    Reply
  96. hi
    i am having one doubt
    in the title field ,the valid inputs are mr,miss and ms…
    hw to get the equivalent partition
    1)mr,miss,ms;other value
    2)any one of mr;miss;ms,other value,novalue
    3)any one of mr;miss;ms,other value
    4)mr,miss,ms,novalue,other value

    Reply
  97. hi

    these question and answer are very useful. i like your method to explain every answer . if u have more sample papers with explanation on answers please send me link . can u tell me that while giving that exam will they allow paper and pen for rough work ?

    thank u

    Reply
  98. COuld u please anyone answe for this question with the reason
    A project that is in the implementation phase is six weeks behind schedule. The delivery date for the product is four months away. The project is not allowed to slip the delivery date or compromise on the quality standards established for this product. Which of the following actions would bring this project back on schedule?

    A. Eliminate some of the requirements that have not yet been implemented.
    B. Add more engineers to the project to make up for lost work.
    C. Ask the current developers to work overtime until the lost work is recovered.
    D. Hire more software quality assurance personnel.

    Reply
  99. Question : Postal rates for ‘light letters’ are 25p up to l0g, 35p up to 50g plus an extra l0p for each additional 25g up to l00g.
    Which test inputs (in grams) would be selected using equivalence partitioning?
    a. 8,42,82,102
    b. 4,15, 65, 92,159
    c. 10,50,75,100
    d. 5, 20, 40, 60, 80
    Can anybody solve the question in detail and send it to my mail.

    Reply
  100. Hi mallikarjun and anand a very good document.
    thankz a lot ,
    can u please provide the answers for the same question what u have given earlier reagarding EC and BCV

    Reply
  101. hi please send me the dumps for ISTQB exam for 2012, im re-taking the exam in early May , I failed by 3 on my first attempt and need any help i can find to help me pass thanks
    my e-mail address is harmstone@msn.com

    Reply
  102. Hi Mallikarjun,
    1) Order numbers on a stock control system can range between 10000 and 99999 inclusive. Which of the following inputs might be a result of designing tests for only valid equivalence classes and valid boundaries:
    a) 1000, 5000, 99999
    b) 9999, 50000, 100000
    c) 10000, 50000, 99999
    d) 10000, 99999
    e) 9999, 10000, 50000, 99999, 10000

    for this question what would be the answer,
    i think its ‘c’
    please let me know the answer and also the reason for your answer

    Reply
  103. Hello All,
    these are the Q and A for ISTQB.

    Q1. Deciding how much testing is enough should take into account:-
    i. Level of Risk including Technical and Business product and project risk
    ii. Project constraints such as time and budget
    iii. Size of Testing Team
    iv. Size of the Development Team

    a) i, ii, iii are true and iv is false
    b) i, iv are true and ii is false
    c) i, ii are true and iii, iv are false
    d) ii, iii, iv are true and i is false
    Q2. Test planning has which of the following major tasks?

    i. Determining the scope and risks, and identifying the objectives of testing.
    ii. Determining the test approach (techniques, test items, coverage, identifying and interfacing the teams involved in testing, testware)
    iii. Reviewing the Test Basis (such as requirements, architecture, design, interface)
    iv. Determining the exit criteria.

    a) i, ii, iv are true and iii is false
    b) i, iv are true and ii is false
    c) i, ii are true and iii, iv are false
    d) ii, iii, iv are true and i is false
    Q3. Evaluating testability of the requirements and system are a part of which phase:-

    a) Test Analysis and Design
    b) Test Planning and control
    c) Test Implementation and execution
    d) Evaluating exit criteria and reporting

    Q4. One of the fields on a form contains a text box which accepts alphabets in lower or upper case. Identify the invalid Equivalence class value.

    a. CLASS
    b. cLASS
    c. CLass
    d. CLa01ss

    Q5. In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:An employee has £4000 of salary tax free. The next £1500 is taxed at 10% the next £28000 is taxed at 22%. Any further amount is taxed at 40% Which of these groups of numbers would fall into the same equivalence class?

    a) £4800; £14000; £28000
    b) £5200; £5500; £28000
    c) £28001; £32000; £35000
    d) £5800; £28000; £32000

    Q6. Which of the following has highest level of independence in which test cases are :

    a) Designed by persons who write the software under test
    b) Designed by a person from a different section
    c) Designed by a person from a different organization
    d) Designed by another person

    Q7. We use the output of the requirement analysis, the requirement specification as the input for writing :-

    a) User Acceptance Test Cases
    b) Integration Level Test Cases
    c) Unit Level Test Cases
    d) Program specifications

    Q8. Validation involves which of the following:

    i. Helps to check the Quality of the Built Product
    ii. Helps to check that we have built the right product.
    iii. Helps in developing the product
    iv. Monitoring tool wastage and obsoleteness.

    a) Options i, ii, iii, iv are true.
    b) ii is true and i, iii, iv are false
    c) i, ii, iii are true and iv is false
    d) iii is true and i, ii, iv are false

    Q9. Which of the following uses Impact Analysis most?
    a) Component testing
    b) Non-functional system testing
    c) User acceptance testing
    d) Maintenance testing

    Q10. What is the expected result for each of the following test cases?

    A. Citibank card member, holding a Silver room
    B. Non Citibank-member, holding a Platinum room

    a) A – Don’t offer any upgrade, B – Don’t offer any upgrade.
    b) A – Don’t offer any upgrade, B – Offer upgrade to Gold.
    c) A – Offer upgrade to Silver, B – Offer upgrade to Silver.
    d) A – Offer upgrade to Gold, B – Don’t offer any upgrade
    Q11. Repeated Testing of an already tested program, after modification, to discover any defects introduced or uncovered as a result of the changes in the software being tested or in another related or unrelated software component:

    a) Re Testing
    b) Confirmation Testing
    c) Regression Testing
    d) Negative Testing

    Q12. Impact Analysis helps to decide :-
    a) How much regression testing should be done.
    b) Exit Criteria
    c) How many more test cases need to written.
    d) Different Tools to perform Regression Testing

    Q13. Functional system testing is:
    a) testing that the system functions with other systems
    b) testing that the components that comprise the system function together
    c) testing the end to end functionality of the system as a whole
    d) testing the system performs functions within specified response times

    Q14. Consider the above state transition diagram of a switch.Which of the following represents an invalid state transition?
    a) OFF to ON
    b) ON to OFF
    c) FAULT to ON

    Q15. Peer Reviews are also called as :-
    a) Inspection
    b) Walkthrough
    c) Technical Review
    d) Formal Review

    Q16. Consider the following statements:
    i. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
    ii. 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% statement coverage.
    iii. 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.
    iv. 100% decision coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
    v. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.

    a) ii is True; i, iii, iv & v are False
    b) i & v are True; ii, iii & iv are False
    c) ii & iii are True; i, iv & v are False
    d) ii, iii & iv are True; i & v are False

    Q17. The Kick Off phase of a formal review includes the following :-
    a) Explaining the objective
    b) Fixing defects found typically done by author
    c) Follow up
    d) Individual Meeting preparations

    Q18. Match every stage of the software Development Life cycle with the Testing Life cycle:
    i. Hi-level design a Unit tests
    ii. Code b Acceptance tests
    iii. Low-level design c System tests
    iv. Business requirements d Integration tests

    a) i-d , ii-a , iii-c , iv-b
    b) i-c , ii-d , iii-a , iv-b
    c) i-b , ii-a , iii-d , iv-c
    d) i-c , ii-a , iii-d , iv-b

    Q19. Which of the following is not phase of the Fundamental Test Process?
    a) Test Planning and Control
    b) Test implementation and Execution
    c) Requirement Analysis
    d) Evaluating Exit criteria and reporting

    Q20. Which of the following techniques is NOT a black box technique?
    a) State transition testing
    b) LCSAJ (Linear Code Sequence and Jump)
    c) syntax testing
    d) boundary value analysis

    Q21. Success Factors for a review include:
    i. Each Review does not have a predefined objective
    ii. Defects found are welcomed and expressed objectively
    iii. Management supports a good review process.
    iv. There is an emphasis on learning and process improvement.

    a) ii,iii,iv are correct and i is incorrect
    b) iii , i , iv is correct and ii is incorrect
    c) i , iii , iv , ii is in correct
    d) ii is correct

    Q22. Defects discovered by static analysis tools include:
    i. Variables that are never used.
    ii. Security vulnerabilities.
    iii. Programming Standard Violations
    iv. Uncalled functions and procedures

    a) i , ii,iii,iv is correct
    b) iii ,is correct I,ii,iv are incorrect.
    c) i ,ii, iii and iv are incorrect
    d) iv, ii is correct

    Q23. Test Conditions are derived from :-
    a) Specifications
    b) Test Cases
    c) Test Data
    d) Test Design

    Q24. Which of the following is true about White and Black Box Testing Technique:-
    a) Equivalance partitioning, Decision Table and Control flow are White box Testing Techniques.
    b) Equivalence partitioning , Boundary Value Analysis , Data Flow are Black Box Testing Techniques.
    c) Equivalence partitioning , State Transition , Use Case Testing are black box Testing Techniques.
    d) Equivalence Partioning , State Transition , Use Case Testing and Decision Table are White Box Testing Techniques.

    Q25. Regression testing should be performed:
    i. every week
    ii. after the software has changed
    iii. as often as possible
    iv. when the environment has changed
    v. when the project manager says

    a) i & ii are true, iii, iv & v are false
    b) ii, iii & iv are true, i & v are false
    c) ii & iv are true, i, iii & v are false
    d) ii is true, i, iii, iv & v are false

    Q26. Benefits of Independent Testing
    a) Independent testers are much more qualified than Developers
    b) Independent testers see other and different defects and are unbiased.
    c) Independent Testers cannot identify defects.
    d) Independent Testers can test better than developers

    Q27. Minimum Tests Required for Statement Coverage and Branch Coverage :-

    Read P
    Read Q
    If p+q > 100
    thenPrint “Large”End if
    If p > 50 then
    Print “pLarge”
    End if

    a) Statement coverage is 2, Branch Coverage is 2
    b) Statement coverage is 3 and branch coverage is 2
    c) Statement coverage is 1 and branch coverage is 2
    d) Statement Coverage is 4 and Branch coverage is 2

    Q28. Minimum Test Required for Statement Coverage :-

    Disc = 0
    Order-qty = 0
    Read Order-qty
    If Order-qty >=20 then
    Disc = 0.05
    If Order-qty >=100 then
    Disc =0.1
    End if
    End if

    a) Statement coverage is 4
    b) Statement coverage is 1
    c) Statement coverage is 3
    d) Statement Coverage is 2

    Q29. The structure of an incident report is covered in the Standard for Software Test Documentation IEEE 829 and is called as : –
    a) Anomaly Report
    b) Defect Report
    c) Test Defect Report
    d) Test Incident Report

    Q30. Which of the following is the task of a Test Lead / Leader:
    i. Interaction with the Test Tool Vendor to identify best ways to leverage test tool on the project.
    ii. Write Test Summary Reports based on the information gathered during testing
    iii. Decide what should be automated , to what degree and how.
    iv. Create the Test Specifications

    a) i, ii, iii is true and iv is false
    b) ii,iii,iv is true and i is false
    c) i is true and ii,iii,iv are false
    d) iii and iv is correct and i and ii are incorrect

    Q31. Features of White Box Testing Technique :-
    i. We use explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested to select the test data.
    ii. Uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs and assumes that the tester knows the path of logic in a unit or a program.
    iii. Checking for the performance of the application
    iv. Also checks for functionality.

    a) i, ii are true and iii and iv are false
    b) iii is true and i,ii, iv are false
    c) ii ,iii is true and i,iv is false
    d) iii and iv are true and i,ii are false

    Q32. Which of the following is a part of Test Closure Activities?
    i. Checking which planned deliverables have been delivered
    ii. Defect report analysis.
    iii. Finalizing and archiving testware.
    iv. Analyzing lessons.

    a) i , ii , iv are true and iii is false
    b) i , ii , iii are true and iv is false
    c) i , iii , iv are true and ii is false
    d) All of above are true

    Q33. Which of the following will be the best definition for Testing :-
    a) The goal / purpose of testing is to demonstrate that the program works.
    b) The purpose of testing is to demonstrate that the program is defect free.
    c) The purpose of testing is to demonstrate that the program does what it is supposed to do.
    d) Testing is executing Software for the purpose of finding defects.

    Q34. Which of the following is not a type of incremental testing approach?
    a) Top down
    b) Big-bang
    c) Bottom up
    d) Functional incrementation.

    Q35. Drivers are also known as:
    i. Spade
    ii. Test harness
    iii. Scaffolding

    a) i , ii are true and iii is false
    b) i , iii are true and ii is false
    c) ii , iii are true and i is false
    d) All of the above are true

    Q36. Exit Criteria may consist of :-
    i. Thoroughness measures , such as coverage of code, functionality or risk
    ii. Estimates of Defect density or reliability measures.
    iii. Residual risk such as defects not fixed or lack of test coverage in certain areas
    iv. Verifying the Test Environment.

    a) iv is correct and i,ii,iii are incorrect.
    b) i,ii,iii is correct and iv is incorrect
    c) ii is correct and i,ii,iii are incorrect
    d) iii and iv are correct and i,ii are incorrect

    Q37. Which of the following helps in monitoring the Test Progress:-
    i. Percentage of Test Case Execution
    ii. Percentage of work done in test environment preparation.
    iii. Defect Information e.g. defect density, defects found and fixed
    iv. The size of the testing Team and skills of the engineers

    a) iv is correct and i,ii,iii are incorrect
    b) i,ii,iii are correct and iv is incorrect
    c) i,ii are correct and iii,iv are incorrect
    d) i,iv are correct and ii , iii are incorrect

    Q38. The selection of a test approach should consider the context :-
    i. Risk of Failure of the Project, hazards to the product and risks of product failure to humans
    ii. Skills and experience of the people in the proposed technique, tools and methods
    iii. The objective of the testing endeavor and the mission of the testing team.
    iv. The size of the testing Team

    a) i,ii,iii,iv are true
    b) i,ii,iii are true and iv is false.
    c) ii,iii,iv are true and i is false.
    d) i,iv are true and ii, iii are false
    Q39. In case of Large Systems :-
    a) Only few tests should be run
    b) Testing should be on the basis of Risk
    c) Only Good Test Cases should be executed.
    d) Test Cases written by good test engineers should be executed.

    Q40. The Provision and Management of a controlled library containing all the configurations items is called as
    a) Configuration Control
    b) Status Accounting
    c) Configuration Identification
    d) Configuration Identification
    Answer
    1-c 2-a 3-a 4-d 5-d 6-c 7-a 8-b 9-d 10-d
    11-c 12-a 13-c 14-c 15-c 16-d 17-a 18-d 19-c 20-b
    21-a 22-a 23-a 24-c 25-c 26-b 27-c 28-b 29-a 30-a
    31-a 23-c 33-d 34-b 35-c 36-b 37-b 38-b 39-b 40-a

    Reply

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