In this article we have covered what SEI, CMM, ISO, IEEE and ANSI standards are.
In this tutorial, we will discuss the definitions of the terms like SEI, CMM, ISO, IEEE, and ANSI with a detailed explanation.
We will understand how these standards and certifications will be helpful in the software industry.
Let us begin!!
Table of Contents:
SEI, CMM, ISO, IEEE, and ANSI – Certification Details
#1) What is SEI?
SEI stands for Software Engineering Institute
SEI at Carnegie-Mellon University was started by the U.S. Defense Department to help in improving software development processes, with a wide range of research & development. SEI has offices all around the world and is federally funded.
This institute specializes in research and training around various types of complex software engineering, network, and application security & design problems. It serves as a public resource and engages in various kinds of initiatives.
Some of the activities which this institute covers are as follows:
- Software Engineering
- Software Quality Assurance
- Cyber Security
- Component Capabilities
- Acquisition
- DevOps
- Artificial Intelligence
SEI’s Areas of Work:
#1) Engineering Practices: Its work in engineering practices helps in improving software engineers’ abilities to analyze, predict, and control specific functional and non-functional attributes of software systems.
#2) Security: Its primary objective is to make sure that the right technology and systems-management procedures are used to defend against attacks on networked systems, minimize damage, and guarantee the continuity of critical services despite successful attacks, accidents, or failures.
SEI houses a dedicated center called CERT/CC (CERT Coordination Center) to look into security practices. SEI CERT program provides guidelines for implementing security in every phase of the Software Development Life Cycle.
#3) Management Practices: SEI has designed CMM (now known as CMMI) so that organizations can follow established guidelines and improve. Organizations can predict and manage quality, schedule, cost, cycle time, and productivity with the help of successful software engineering management practices.
There are various ways in which one can get involved with SEI and carry forward their work.
#4) SEI Partner Network: Organizations and individuals can join SEI’s partner network to spread the best practices in Software Engineering. Those in the partner network are selected, trained, and licensed by SEI to provide genuine and authentic SEI services such as courses, consulting methods, and management processes.
Currently, this partner network consists of approximately 250 organizations worldwide.
#5) Membership Program: By joining the SEI membership program, software engineers and the entire community can expand their network.
#6) Affiliate Program: Organizations place technical experts with the SEI for periods ranging from 12 months to four years through the SEI Affiliate Program. Affiliates collaborate with the SEI on projects to identify, develop, and demonstrate improved software engineering practices.
#7) Conferences: National and international conferences, workshops, and user-group meetings are sponsored by the SEI. Other events cover topics like software-intensive system acquisition, Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS)-based systems, network security and survivability, software process research, software product lines, CMMI, and the SEI Team Software Process.
Here are some of the upcoming events/conferences:
Software Architecture Design and Analysis (April 24-27, 2023). Click here for details on the agenda and topics covered.
RSA Conference 2023 (April 24-27, 2023)
Have a look at this short preview of the full session at the RSA Conference 2023:
>> Visit the official site for more such events and information.
#2) What are CMM & CMMI?
CMM stands for Capability Maturity Model
It was developed by the SEI in 1987. Click here to visit the official website.
CMM can be defined as a standard or framework based on which software development organizations/institutes are classified into different levels of capability.
The analysis and examination of the processes and methods followed by a software company are done based on the following two diverse methods of SEI CMM:
- Capability Evaluation: Analysis and assessment of a given organization’s capability are done based on the vendor’s level of integrity, employees’ rank on skills, contractor’s routine on work, and the techniques followed, etc. The resulting outcome is taken as a factor for evaluating the organization’s overall capability concerning performance and standards against the entire software industry’s standards.
- Software Process Assessment: It is a set of measures based on software development procedures that pertain to the range, with respect to the model, established by the organization as a prototype for projects to follow for all the activities carried out under the organization’s name. This assessment aids in the improvement of the current level of processes and techniques in use.
SEI CMM is a model of 5 different stages and levels of organizational ‘Maturity’ that determines the effectiveness in delivering quality software. The Key Process Area (KPA) is another important factor that is being considered for this classification process. KPAs are the minimum requirements set for any software development organization.
It is geared toward large organizations such as large U.S. Defense Department contractors. However, many of the QA processes involved are appropriate to any organization, and if reasonably applied, they can be extremely helpful.
Organizations can receive CMM-level ratings by undergoing assessments by qualified external auditors.
Initial: Level 1 (CMM1): The software process is characterized by chaos, periodic panics, and inconsistency. Heroic efforts are required by individuals to complete projects successfully. All the processes/standards are set aside during any crisis. Work success may not be repeatable against only a few processes in place.
Repeatable: Level 2 (CMM2): More consistent and basic software development processes are in place for project tracking, requirements management, time schedule, and cost tracking.
Also, realistic planning & configuration management processes are in place. A successful set of processes and patterns are established, managed, and documented. As a result, successful practices in key areas of similar applications can be repeated.
Defined: Level 3 (CMM3): Standard software development, management, and maintenance processes are well documented, standardized, and integrated into a standard set of processes for the entire organization. All projects across the organization refer to standard and custom software development processes.
A Software Engineering Process Group (sometimes referred to as a Quality group) is in place to oversee software processes, and training programs are used to ensure understanding and compliance.
Managed: Level 4 (CMM4): The organization implements various measures and metrics for continuously monitoring and controlling its own processes, through the relentless collection of data and analysis of the collected data.
In short, an organization puts in checks for its own assessment both for the product and process points. Project performance is predictable, and quality is consistently high.
Optimized: Level 5 (CMM5): The focus of the organization at this level remains on continuous process improvement by making use of continuous feedback and incremental and innovative/new process improvements. The impact of new processes and technologies can be predicted and effectively implemented whenever required.
Also, read => How To Achieve Level 5 Maturity For QA And Testing Process
CMMI stands for Capability Maturity Model Integration
It was developed by SEI in 2006 to overcome the shortcomings of CMM and is a more evolved model. The idea was to combine the following three Source Models into a single framework that can be used by organizations chasing process improvement.
- Capability Maturity Model for Software
- Electronic Industries Alliance Interim Standard
- Integrated Product Development Capability Maturity Model
This model not only pays attention to the tasks but also focuses on their performance and success rate. It assesses how an organization performs even after the tasks are completed and makes recommendations for improvements. All the branches of CMM are integrated into this model, thereby providing a much better and integrated approach.
Benefits of implementing CMMI:
- Enhanced Customer Satisfaction
- Increased Market Share & ROI
- Added value for Stakeholders
- Deliver Quality Products or Services
- Industry-wide Recognition for Service Excellence
- Increased Productivity and Reduced Quality Costs
Differences between CMM and CMMI
CMM | CMMI |
---|---|
Stands for Capability Maturity Model | Stands for Capability Maturity Model Integrated |
Describes Software Engineering alone | Describes both Software and Systems Engineering |
It is a reference model of matured practices. They are difficult to integrate. | As a successor of CMM, this model is more evolved. It has a matured set of guidelines built by combining the best components of individual CMM disciplines (Software CMM, People CMM, etc.) |
Has five stages • Initial • Repeatable • Defined • Managed • Optimized | Has five stages • Initial • Managed • Defined • Quantitatively Managed • Optimized |
Less effective | More effective |
#3) What is ISO?
ISO stands for International Organization for Standards
>> Click here to browse through the official website.
Popular standards (family of standards) developed by ISO consist of ISO 9000, ISO/IEC 27000, ISO 14000
ISO 9000: ISO developed and published a series of standards commonly known as ISO 9000.
ISO 9000 is a series of individual standards, the most widely known and perhaps had the most significant impact. ISO 9000 basically defines, establishes and very well maintains an effective quality assurance system for both manufacturing and service industries.
It gives proper direction to different organizations and industries as a guide to achieving the quality of products, management, and services.
The ISO 9001, 9002, and 9003 standards concern quality systems that are assessed by outside auditors, and they apply to many kinds of production and manufacturing organizations, not just software.
The most comprehensive among the series is ISO 9001 which is also the most widely used certification by software development organizations. It covers documentation, design, development, production, testing, installation, servicing, and other processes.
An organization with this certification shows that it is compliant with the ISO 9001 standards of its industry.
To get this certification, an outside examiner/auditor must check the practices/standards, and processes followed by the organization. The auditor creates a detailed report about the non-compliance (if any).
The organization then carefully analyzes the report and agrees to rectify the issues within a specified time by the examiner (certificate issuing body). Once all the above mentioned problems are resolved, the organization can be certified with ISO 9001. Certification is typically valid for about 3 years, after which a complete reassessment is required
All the core standards in the series are as follows:
- ISO 9000 (2015): Provides definitions of the quality management system (QMS) -fundamentals and vocabulary.
- ISO 9001 (2015): Outlines QMS – Requirements – Provides guidance on the requirements an organization must comply with.
- ISO 9004 (2018): Provides guidelines to achieve sustained success (continuous improvement) in quality management.
- ISO 19011 (2018): Provides guidance and understanding on auditing management systems.
ISO 9000-3 (not the same as 9003) is a guideline for applying ISO 9001 to software development organizations. The U.S. version of the ISO 9000 series of standards is exactly the same as the international version and is called the ANSI/ASQ Q9000 series.
The U.S. version can be purchased directly from the ASQ (American Society for Quality) or the ANSI organizations
Note that ISO 9000 certification does not necessarily show quality products, but it indicates only that documented processes are followed.
ISO/IEC 27000: This series (which is also known as the ISMS family of standards) comprises information security standards. This is a joint publication work of ISO and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission).
In the context of an overall information security management system (ISMS), the series offers best practice recommendations for information security management or the management of information risks through information security controls.
Among the ISO 27001 is the most widely adopted one. The latest revision of this standard is ISO 27001:2022.
ISO 27001 certification is important for safeguarding an organization’s vital assets like brand image, employee, client, and other private data. This includes a process-based approach to establishing, implementing, operating, and maintaining the ISMS.
This standard framework serves as a guideline for constantly reviewing the security of information, which will increase the reliability and value of the organization’s services.
The document says that ISO 27001 was developed to “provide a model for establishing, implementing, operating, monitoring, reviewing, maintaining and improving an information security management system.”
The standard necessitates collaboration from all levels of an organization. Organizations must apply the controls specified in ISO 27001 in accordance with their specific risks. It recommends third-party accreditation.
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 implementation phases are as mentioned below:
- Defining Information Security Policy
- Defining the scope of the ISMS
- Perform Risk Assessment and Treatment
- Managing Identified Risk
- Select the Controls for Implementing
- Implementing the Controls
Other notable standards in the ISO 27000 family are listed below:
ISO/IEC 27002 | Information Security Controls |
ISO/IEC 27003 | Guidance on implementing Information Security Management System |
ISO/IEC 27004 | Monitoring, measurement, analysis, and evaluation |
ISO/IEC 27005 | Information security Risks management guidance |
ISO/IEC 27032 | Guideline for Cyber security |
ISO/IEC 27035 | Guideline for Incident management |
ISO/IEC 27037 | Guideline for Digital event handling |
ISO/IEC 27039 | Guideline for Intrusion prevention |
ISO 14000: This series of standards was introduced in 1996. It is related to environmental management and helps organizations around the world to reduce their adverse impact (if any) on the environment. Organizations may obtain relevant certifications to prove their compliance with environmentally friendly practices.
ISO 14001 is the most popular standard amongst the family of ISO 14000. It defines the core set of standards that organizations must follow for designing and implementing an effective Environmental Management System (EMS).
The standard’s requirements can be incorporated into any environmental management system (any organization irrespective of its size, type, and nature), to varying degrees depending on several factors such as the organization’s industry, environmental policy, product and service offerings, and location. The latest revision of this standard was done in 2021.
ISO 14001 framework revolves around the following factors:
- Context (size) of the organization
- Leadership
- Planning
- Support
- Operations
- Performance Evaluation
- Improvement
Other notable standards in the ISO 14000 family are listed below:
ISO 14004: 2016 | General guidelines on implementation |
ISO 14006: 2011 | Guidelines for implementing Ecodesign |
ISO 14015: 2001 | Environmental management – Environmental assessment of sites and organizations (EASO) |
ISO 14020: 2000 | General Principles – Environmental labels and declarations |
ISO 14050:2009 | Vocabulary – Environmental Management |
ISO 14063:2006 | Environmental Communication – Guidelines And Examples |
Apart from the above-mentioned standards, there are a few standards (as listed below) related to Quality Assurance and testing, which are widely used across the globe.
ISO/IEC 9126:
This standard addresses the following factors in determining the quality of a software application:
- Quality Model
- Internal Metrics
- External Metrics
- Quality in use Metrics
This standard specifies a set of quality characteristics for any software, as listed below:
- Usability
- Efficiency
- Reliability
- Functionality
- Portability
- Maintainability
ISO/IEC 9241-11: Part 11 of this standard addresses the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals in a specified context of use with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction.
The suggested framework describes the usability components and their relationships. It considers usability in terms of user satisfaction and performance. According to this standard (ISO 9241-11), usability is context-dependent and the level of usability changes as the context changes.
ISO/IEC 25000:2005: This standard defines the procedures and guidelines to achieve the highest software quality requirements and evaluation (commonly referred to as SQuaRE). ISO-25000 replaces the two older ISO standards, namely ISO-9126 and ISO-14598.
SQuaRE comprises of
- Terms and Conditions
- Reference Models
- General Guide
- Individual Division Guides
- Standards of Requirement Engineering (specification, planning, measurement, and evaluation process)
SQuaRE has sub-divisions as listed below:
- ISO 2500n: Quality Management Division
- ISO 2501n: Quality Model Division
- ISO 2502n: Quality Measurement Division
- ISO 2503n: Quality Requirements Division
- ISO 2504n: Quality Evaluation Division
ISO/IEC 12119: This ISO standard applies to and is responsible for the software packages delivered to the client but does not bother about the production process maintained by the client.
It gives guidance on the following aspects:
- Requirements for the software package(s).
- Set of predefined steps to be used to test the delivered package against the specified requirements.
#4) What is IEEE?
IEEE stands for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
>> Click here to visit the official website.
IEEE is a vast group of standards and practices for all engineering disciplines. Read this PDF for detailed and targeted IEEE standards for software systems and software lifecycle processes.
IEEE’s definition of Software Engineering is as follows:
The application of a systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of the software, and the study of these approaches.
IEEE’s definition of Software Quality is as follows:
A well-planned and systematic pattern of all the actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that an item or product confirms stated & implied needs and established technical requirements, under specified conditions.
IEEE’s definition of Software Requirements is as follows:
A condition or capability that a system or system component must meet or possess in order to satisfy a contract, standard, specification, or other formally enforced document. For a user, it is the condition or capability needed to solve a problem or achieve the set objective.
The following are the most notable IEEE standards: (IEEE/ANSI standards):
IEEE 802 | LAN/MAN |
IEEE 828 | Configuration Management in Systems and Software Engineering |
IEEE 829 | Software Test Documentation |
IEEE 830 | Software Requirement Specifications |
IEEE 1008 (1008-1987) | Software Unit Testing |
IEEE 1016 | Software Design Description |
IEEE 1028 | Software Reviews And Audits |
IEEE 1059 | Software Verification And Validation Plan |
IEEE 1074 | SDLC |
Also read => IEEE 802.11 and 802.11i Wireless LAN and 802.1x Authentication Standards
#5) What is ANSI?
ANSI stands for American National Standards Institute
>> Click here to browse through the official website.
ANSI is the primary industrial standards body in the U.S. that supports the development of technology standards and publishes those in conjunction with the IEEE and ASQ (American Society for Quality).
It creates and regulates standards for a wide variety of industries that include computer programming languages as well (e.g. ANSI C).
There are currently ANSI standards for a wide range of seemingly unrelated items, including refrigerators, industrial carpets, and computer parts, among others.
The agency is perhaps best known for its efforts to coordinate voluntary standards for computers (floppy discs, magnetic tapes, and other computer parts), video, and programming languages among public and private industries.
As an end-user (someone who uses a computer for work rather than programming it), you may still hear the term ANSI when referring to the ANSI character set.
Relationship Between ANSI, IEEE, and ISO
ANSI is a private non-profit organization in charge of overseeing the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and procedures. ANSI is a founding member of ISO and the only US member of ISO.
ANSI also coordinates US standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. IEEE develops standards for the computer and electronics industry, which are published by ANSI.
We hope that this tutorial on various Standards and corresponding certifications will help you stay informed about best-known practices.
Please share your thoughts in the comment section below.
Dear Beena, #37
There are standard for coding and tools are there which can review code.
Compatibility and Performance are two different kind of testing. Performance will be checked by Load or Stress testing using some tool.
plz tell me detail of 4p of planning
what is the difference between iso-9000 and cmm??
as cmm includes 5 levels of standards, what are the levels involved in iso for software development?…….Please let me know if any one knows exactly.
I want to have the standard for SEI CMM Level 3 certification. Which are the Certifying Bodies doing this certification. Pl. let me know.What is the preparation required , if a organization wishes to be certified to this standard?
Thanks & Regards
Priya Ahire
latest iso standard ,please provide the answer
differents b/t sei-cmm and iso9000
hi friends i am searching for Testing job in bangalore plz send me any openings in weekends.
Hi Priya
There are plenty of certifying agencies and freelancers as well for CMMI L3 certification. The agencies are like KPMG, TUV, and DNV etc…You can search for SEI registered freelancers as well.
The approximate process for CMMI is like this,
1. Find the consultation agency,
2. Find the certification body,
3. Perform Gap analysis,
4. Perform Process definition,
5. Implementation,
6. Assessment [Stage 1, 2…],
7. Final assessment.
Thanks!!
Suresh
Dear Venkat, #17
Normally this grouping is done before design. Based on functionality/capability or some kind of logical grouping etc. It’s done by development team. Testers don’t do it normally. But if development team is offering the application in part you can plan and write test cases accordingly.
what is difference between QA and QC?and role of QA and AC?
#3 Vjkt, #18 naz, #29 Suresh, #52 PRIYA AHIRE, #59 Deepa
Dear All, When my organization was going through CMM appraisal as an ATM I was very confused!
After appraisal I decided to write something which can help non-CMMI guys to understand basic of appraisal. Please go though the link below. It will not answer all your questions but you will get little idea of appraisal.
Softwaretestinghelp.com/cmmi-appraisals-testers-journey-as-an-appraisal-team-member-atm/
I suppose there is a mistake in full form of ISO in the article above ISO stands for ‘International Organization for Standardization’ and not ‘International Organization for Standards’
hi friends
hi i want know about testing sofware quality
Dear Sreedhar (#39 ),
CMM is not individual responsibility it covers everyone in organization from CEO to Maintenance people.
Any way if you are CEO I will suggest hire a consultant. I have explained same in my article. ( see link above)
But still If you are not CEO/CFO/COO etc.. Its good you are trying to improve, Take small steps.
• Have regular meeting with team (Weekly, Daily or monthly whatever suitable ) in CMM they call it “Vision Sharing”. Record MoM ( Minutes of Meeting and maintain attendance sheet)
• Identify Risk and maintain it somewhere so that you can have action plans against it, monitor your action and discuss it with team.
• Create templates (SRS, STP, IRS, BTM, Checklist, STC, STD etc) you can take reference of IEEE for creating template.
• Plan all your activity in advance, you can use Microsoft Project for the same but if it’s not there at least you should plan in Excel sheet and keep monitoring it. It will help you to identify reasons for delay, work load balance, indentifying risk in advance.
• Have review of the entire document you create and request reviewer to maintain it in Review Log. After review points closed Baseline the document so that no change will be accepted after baseline and if it happens there should be record of it somewhere like in CR (Change Request) form. Have repository for document with access control.
• Identify CI (configurable Item) and Record in advance.
Well I have to stop here,this list will go very long. You will not get CMMI certificate for these practices but when you finally go for appraisal these little steps will help you.
why we are use the SEI CMM model 5?what’s the reason?
why we have to use any other model?plz reply my mail id
snithy07@gmail.com
Hi Abhishek,
I have mentioned What is Test Metrics & Tracibility Metrics as given below:
I think, due to similarity in phonetics the words Metrics and Matrix cause confusion. Due to confusion, few of us use these words interchangeably. So to avoid confusion and to have clarity, I would like to explain the difference between them and provide few examples.
Metrics:
Metric is a measurement. We can classify Software Quality metrics as Product Quality metrics and Process Quality metrics.
Product Quality Metrics describe the characteristics (i.e. Size, complexity, performance Quality level of the product). For your reference, I mentioned a list of product quality metrics here (not an exhaustive list):
Mean time to failure
Defect density
Customer Problems
Customer Satisfaction
Fix backlog
Fix response time
Defective fixes
Process Quality Metrics Used for improving the software development and maintenance process. For your reference, I mentioned a list of process quality metrics here (not an exhaustive list):
Phase-based defect removal pattern
Defect removal efficiency
Defect arrival pattern
Above given metrics are just a few from a huge list. We will discuss basic metrics in future blog entries. Where as in next blog entry we will discuss about test matrix and metrics can be measured using the same.
Matrix:
Matrix is a data representation and data collection mechanism. Then we use collected data to derive metrics. For your reference, I mentioned a list of Matrix here (not an exhaustive list):
Requirements Traceability Matrix
Functional Traceability Matrix
Test Matrix
Thanks,
Suresh
bsuresh7282@gmail.com
@seetha
You can refer to this site for ISTQB exam
http://www.testerqa.com
Hi Joe,
CMM means Capability Maturity model,Its a methodology used to refine and improve software developement process in a software company.
Their are 5 levels of CMM. Any companies which practices the rules will be called as a CMM level company. Once again depending on the level which the follow. They will be certified.
CMM is a thing of past it has been successfuly replaced by CMMI ( Capability Maturity model integration).
The CMM defines five levels of software process maturity, based on an
organization’s support for certain key process areas (KPAs).
Level 1 (initial) describes an organization with an immature or undefined process.
Level 2 (repeatable),
Level 3 (defined),
Level 4 (managed),
and Level 5(optimizing), respectively, describe organizations with successively higher levels of software process maturity.
Regards,
Tiger2K
cmm topic is not clear
Hello everyone,
I need your help.
I was handling QCQA in software company in that we test the software by manual testing not by code. so i just need help how we can improve the manual testing.
or is there any qcqa standard like 5s in manufacturing /plant company
plz.send me the mail if possible.
Vjkt, #18 naz, #29 Suresh, #52 PRIYA AHIRE, #59 Deepa
Dear All, When my organization was going through CMM appraisal as an ATM I was very confused!
After appraisal I decided to write something which can help non-CMMI guys to understand basic of appraisal. Please go though the link below. It will not answer all your questions but you will get little idea of appraisal.
Softwaretestinghelp.com/cmmi-appraisals-testers-journey-as-an-appraisal-team-member-atm/
@ Vijay
One more ISO standard, ISO 27001 which is implemented in software companies for the information security.
cheers
george
The fundamental objective of the Six Sigma methodology is the implementation of a measurement-based strategy that focuses on process improvement and variation reduction through the application of Six Sigma improvement projects. This is accomplished through the use of two Six Sigma sub-methodologies: DMAIC and DMADV. The Six Sigma DMAIC process (define, measure, analyze, improve, control) is an improvement system for existing processes falling below specification and looking for incremental improvement. The Six Sigma DMADV process (define, measure, analyze, design, verify) is an improvement system used to develop new processes or products at Six Sigma quality levels. It can also be employed if a current process requires more than just incremental improvement. Both Six Sigma processes are executed by Six Sigma Green Belts and Six Sigma Black Belts, and are overseen by Six Sigma Master Black Belts.
I think IEEE,ISO and ANSI standard developers but CMM and SEI and Process developers. What do you thing?
Hi,
can u explain me step by step method of regression testing using QTP or Winrunner automation tools.
thanks a lot
rsk
Please give me metrics/matrics and their values
THanks,
HariPrasad
Hi all,
Can anyone explain the difference beteween review,audit and final inspection?
the CMM topic was not clear,i need more and real time exmple for that topic,and how a company of cmm level 2 can change to cmm leve 3?
Hi Vijay,
Pls tell me about six sigma certification
Black belt
Blue belt
How and from where to get it?
Also the institution imparting the relevent training for the certification.
mail to : bishalchaperia@gmail.com
I got more info, But till i am searching for regular expression concept in any automation tool, To resolve the related issues in the same, So please let me know,
Regards,
Venkata.
Hi to all,
pls, dont ask a question to clear particular doubts as here, good to search your questions on search engines.It helps will you get more answers and logics of your questions.
I want knw how i have intiate the CMM level in my organization plzzzzzz ,explain me what are the basic steps i need to take.
Give me details of matrics
wat is six sigma
Hi Mani,
CMMi and ISO both are the basically quality certifications for organizations. ISO standards are generic, any of the company can implement the QMS i.e. ISO 9001:2008. There are only 8 standards in ISO9001:2008. ISO conduct surveillance audit every year and recertification audit after 3 years to ensure whether the organization is working as per the standards defined in organization’s Quality Management System.
Similarly in CMMi Level 5, there are 22 process areas and organization has to follow the same. There are accessors, who access the the organization’s processes. CMMi framework is very wise, you will have to go through with the process areas to understand in detail.
Basically these standards or process areas are just the guidelines for the organization to work.
Plz any body can give me the limitations of QTP
Capability Maturity Model® Integration (CMMI) is a process improvement approach that provides organizations with the essential elements of effective processes. It can be used to guide process improvement across a project, a division, or an entire organization. CMMI helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes
@ vamsi
Many people are confused about the difference between quality assurance (QA), quality control (QC), and testing. They are closely related, but they are different concepts.
* Quality Assurance: A set of activities designed to ensure that the development and/or maintenance process is adequate to ensure a system will meet its objectives.
* Quality Control: A set of activities designed to evaluate a developed work product.
* Testing: The process of executing a system with the intent of finding defects. (Note that the “process of executing a system” includes test planning prior to the execution of the test cases.)
QA activities ensure that the process is defined and appropriate. Methodology and standards development are examples of QA activities. A QA review would focus on the process elements of a project – e.g., are requirements being defined at the proper level of detail.
QC activities focus on finding defects in specific deliverables – e.g., are the defined requirements the right requirements
Testing is one example of a QC activity, but there are others such as inspections
The difference is that QA is process oriented and QC is product oriented.
Testing therefore is product oriented and thus is in the QC domain. Testing for quality isn’t assuring quality, it’s controlling it.
Quality Assurance makes sure you are doing the right things, the right way.
Quality Control makes sure the results of what you’ve done are what you expected.
You can find more @
http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?QualityAssuranceIsNotQualityControl
http://www.mosaicinc.com/mosaicinc/rmThisMonth.asp
Cheers..
and about pcmm,cmmi also
Hi Friends,
I am doing the testing for websites (manually)
–Is there any automation tool to test the websites,
–I have been working as a manual tester for past one year, i want to switch to other company.
Can anyone tell me, what do i need to prepare to get the job in other companies.
Do i need to do any course or certification for better future
Please write me back….
What is Test Metrics & Tracibility Metrics in the Software Testing. And What is the defference between them
Hi Gayatri,
as per your question its wrong
SEI (Software Engineering Institute) it is provindg the cmmi
hello everybody,
here everybody is asking the questions but only a few answers, seems like everybody visits this site to put questions only.
plzzzzzzzzzz reply me as soon as possible……..
my gmail id …
j.sreedhara@gmail.com
wht is six sigma standards???
what is greenbelt. in software quality?when it comes
hi friends
what is the differnce between Metrics and Matrix..
The CMM levels are not clear.More explanation required…….
Clear information is not given on CMM & ISO as it is viewing by number of people please give required information on it. Every knows a little bit of information on it but requires understandable information
Can someone help me in calculating the Metrics?
Calculation with example and formulae (in detail)
Hi balu
Matrix and metrics are different
asas
I am studying M.E Software engineering……Shall I become a member of SEI
Valuable analysis ! I am thankful for the analysis ! Does someone know if my business would be able to get ahold of a blank a form example to use ?
as for as my knowledge the matrices related a s/w project is tracablity matricec this document specifies the mappig the testcases to actual requirments i.e. the test cases are exaclty matching to the actual requirment or not
I HV copmpleted Mech engg and not computer friendly .I want to make
Career in sof test and dev pls can anybody help me to
To know the basics and advance thing in easy language and
Through video tuts pls help me out what to do, how to get know thingssright conceptually and basically right from soft
Intallati on step wise procedures and more.
@Teja
there is no difference between CMM and SEI CMMI , SEI is a certification body where it will give the certification from Carnegie Mellon University U.S.A. CMM is now changed into CMMI where it was updated.
Hi,
Can someone please help me in preparing ISTQB exam?
If anyone else has appeared can you please post how the topics will be and how far it is easy to prepare?
Testing is an art . The skill develops with more test assignments. Explore more with all banking sites and other public sites. you can find so many bugs
Allways put yourself as an end user and test and assume different roles
Software s also having standards…!!
While measuring it wht wil they consider, like the application’s compatabiity r the application’s performance r somthing else. Pls tel me wht all they will consider?
TYVM you’ve solved all my probemsl
The deference between ISO & CMMI
ISO : What you have documented you should follow that
CMMI: SEI(Software Engineering Institiute) has given Generic gols,Specific gols and Specific practices based on that you should imlement.
HI All,
Hello friends I have manual testing knowledge and want to learn automation well any one suggest me is it better to take complete course of testing tools or shal i go for live project practically pls mail me your valuable suggestions on eru.kranthi@gmail.com
Thanks
Kranthi
+919885715454
got more info, But till i am searching for regular expression concept by using automation tool, To resolve the related issues by using the same, So please let me know,
Regards,
Venkata.
What is Test Factor and How to divide the Project as different modules. Once we got the SRS? help me..
Please post some articles on How to prepare MIS management information systems reports.
can anybody explain me about bva
what r the metrics related a software project
from qa side..?
There is no technical term called “matrics” in software industry. It is Metrics or matrix only. I think Suresh Balakrishnan [Note no 36] has given some good comment over for metrics. In addition to that in the management level they will include schedule variance, effort variance, productivity etc…
For Sridhar [note no 39] if you are going to start your groundwork for CMMi it would be better to get some consultation from the certifying body/agencies like KPMG,DNV, BVQi ,intertex etc..They will guide you with the quality manuals and standards.
My personal opinion is, if you are not having any other certification like ISO 9000:2000 first get those basic certifications and then proceed .So that you can easily achieve your goals.
Thanks!!
Suresh babu
hi friends
plz let me know,the difference btwen cmmi and sei cmm…
sei cmm is better than cmmi….?
give me rpy asap
thanking you
Which Maturity model has 18 levels?
I think, it’s true what you say
Hi
There are plenty of certifying agencies and freelancers as well for CMMI L3 certification. The agencies are like KPMG, TUV, and DNV etc…You can search for SEI registered freelancers as well.
The approximate process for CMMI is like this,
1. Find the consultation agency,
2. Find the certification body,
3. Perform Gap analysis,
4. Perform Process definition,
5. Implementation,
6. Assessment [Stage 1, 2…],
7. Final assessment.
Thanks!!
Suresh
3 Vjkt, #18 naz, #29 Suresh, #52 PRIYA AHIRE, #59 Deepa
Dear All,
When my organization was going through CMM appraisal as an ATM I was very confused!
After appraisal I decided to write something which can help non-CMMI guys to understand basic of appraisal. Please go though the link below. It will not answer all your questions but you will get little idea of appraisal.
cmmi-appraisals-testers-journey-as-an-appraisal-team-member-atm
hi, i would like to learn software testing course
My qualification is diploma in mechanical engineering & 5 yrs exp in Quality
mmmm… very complex.,
give more explaination on CMM levels