What is Bug/Defect?
Simple Wikipedia definition of Bug is: “A computer bug is an error, flaw, mistake, failure, or fault in a computer program that prevents it from working correctly or produces an incorrect result. Bugs arise from mistakes and errors, made by people, in either a program’s source code or its design.”
Other definitions can be:
An unwanted and unintended property of a program or piece of hardware, especially one that causes it to malfunction.
or
A fault in a program, which causes the program to perform in an unintended or unanticipated manner.
Lastly the general definition of bug is: “failure to conform to specifications”.
If you want to detect and resolve the defect in early development stage, defect tracking and software development phases should start simultaneously.
We will discuss more on Writing effective bug report in another article. Let’s concentrate here on bug/defect life cycle.
Life cycle of Bug:
1) Log new defect
When tester logs any new bug the mandatory fields are:
Build version, Submit On, Product, Module, Severity, Synopsis and Description to Reproduce
In above list you can add some optional fields if you are using manual Bug submission template:
These Optional Fields are: Customer name, Browser, Operating system, File Attachments or screenshots.
The following fields remain either specified or blank:
If you have authority to add bug Status, Priority and ‘Assigned to’ fields them you can specify these fields. Otherwise Test manager will set status, Bug priority and assign the bug to respective module owner.
Look at the following Bug life cycle:
[Click on the image to view full size] Ref: Bugzilla bug life cycle
The figure is quite complicated but when you consider the significant steps in bug life cycle you will get quick idea of bug life.
On successful logging the bug is reviewed by Development or Test manager. Test manager can set the bug status as Open, can Assign the bug to developer or bug may be deferred until next release.
When bug gets assigned to developer and can start working on it. Developer can set bug status as won’t fix, Couldn’t reproduce, Need more information or ‘Fixed’.
If the bug status set by developer is either ‘Need more info’ or Fixed then QA responds with specific action. If bug is fixed then QA verifies the bug and can set the bug status as verified closed or Reopen.
Bug status description:
These are various stages of bug life cycle. The status caption may vary depending on the bug tracking system you are using.
1) New: When QA files new bug.
2) Deferred: If the bug is not related to current build or can not be fixed in this release or bug is not important to fix immediately then the project manager can set the bug status as deferred.
3) Assigned: ‘Assigned to’ field is set by project lead or manager and assigns bug to developer.
4) Resolved/Fixed: When developer makes necessary code changes and verifies the changes then he/she can make bug status as ‘Fixed’ and the bug is passed to testing team.
5) Could not reproduce: If developer is not able to reproduce the bug by the steps given in bug report by QA then developer can mark the bug as ‘CNR’. QA needs action to check if bug is reproduced and can assign to developer with detailed reproducing steps.
6) Need more information: If developer is not clear about the bug reproduce steps provided by QA to reproduce the bug, then he/she can mark it as “Need more information’. In this case QA needs to add detailed reproducing steps and assign bug back to dev for fix.
7) Reopen: If QA is not satisfy with the fix and if bug is still reproducible even after fix then QA can mark it as ‘Reopen’ so that developer can take appropriate action.
8 ) Closed: If bug is verified by the QA team and if the fix is ok and problem is solved then QA can mark bug as ‘Closed’.
9) Rejected/Invalid: Some times developer or team lead can mark the bug as Rejected or invalid if the system is working according to specifications and bug is just due to some misinterpretation.
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121 comments ↓
Can you please provide any template for bug report?
Can provide the list of free automation tools and their links to download
Can you please provide Real time questions&Answers?
Can you please provide Real time questions&Answers?
What is Webapp and Desktop app &windows app ?
Nice defination,
but these all state can applied in a manual template, not in a generic tool like, Zera/BugZilla.
[...] ← Bug life cycle [...]
[...] Bug life cycle A good article on Bug life cycle Bug life cycle with bug status __________________ Ask me your Software Testing Queries! [...]
can u pls post the real bug report??
say for login screen..?
@Sheetal: I have updated post with bug report template
http://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/how-to-write-good-bug-report/
@sailasri : Here is the comprehensive list of all open source automation tools:
http://www.opensourcetesting.org/functional.php
@ Naveen and Trupti: You can see the bug report template in our article ‘How to write a bug report?’
Most of the fields in bug report are bugzilla fields, if you want real bug report see below the simple bug reported in bugzilla:
(Note that this is only a example bug report)
Summary: In CTR(Click trough ratio) ‘Total’ row calculation is wrong
Product: Example product
Version: 1.0
Platform: PC
URL: http://example.com/stats/traffic.php
OS/Version: Windows 2000
Status: NEW
Severity: Major
Priority: P1
Component: Publisher stats
AssignedTo: developer@example.com
ReportedBy: tester@example.com
CC: manager@example.com
Description:
Reproduce steps:
1)Go to page http://example.com/stats/traffic.php
2)Click on ‘Publisher stats’ link to view publisher’s revenue detail stats datewise.
3)On page http://example.com/stats/publisher_traffic.php
check CTR value in ‘Total’ row of CTR stats table.
Actual result: Calculation of ‘Total’ row in CTR table is wrong. Also Individual row CTR for each publisher is
not truncated to 2 digits after decimal point.Its showing CTR like 0.042556767.
Expected result: Total CTR= (Total clicks/Total searches)*100
Thank you
Can any one help me to educate me abt Product Testing? Please…. Its urgent…
i am eager to get job in testing ,but i don’t get call b’s i don’t have experience.plz tell me what sh’d i do?
hi
i have one question, it was asked in interview i.e if i(Tester)has found 3 bugs and in the customer end he found 6 bugs then what is the bug ratio?
Please provide a template for bug report
Can you provide details for STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) .. greatly appreciated
hi, i have one question regarding Testing Documentation. Can you provide me detailed format of Testing Documentation.& how to prepare testing documentation
Can you provide me information about International Certified s/w Testing Courses?
Hi sam,
I am Ashwin, working as a QA Engineer in MNC.
I have the collections of recent industry questions and answers.
Kindly send me your email id if you are interested.
Regards
Ashwin
Hi Ashwin
Kindly please send me industry question and answers. because i want to change the company as i had completed 1 year in this company and want to apply in MNC
Thanks in advance
Trupti
can u send me sm real time question and answar
thanks in addvance
sandeep,,,,,,
can u plz sent the reat time questions and some projects if it it will be very helpful to me
hi, ashwin this srinu, can u send me that real time industy ?’s.Bcz i am into trail in testing with 3+.i hope it is useful for me.thank q
Hi, Ashwin
I need your help. Pl send methe real time industry questions as this will help me in changing my career. Thank you
Hi Ashwin,
If you dont mind send me the question please.
Regards,
Bharani
Hi All,
If there is any requirment in your companies let me know.
I am looking for a change, currently i am working in Accenture from past 2 years.
Regards,
Bharani
Hi All, I am very new to the testing .Plz can anybody give me the list of sites which give the full details of software testing along with all the tables for test cases bug repot tables etc. though i had learned some basics about testing i lack the real time exposure ,can anyone help me?????????
09847932229-call me selvam
i will help UUUUUUUUUUUUU
What is TM?
What is Bug Life Cycle?
Types of Bugs?
How to fix a bug?
Hi Ashwin,
If you dont mind, Plz send me the question and answers.
Thanks in advance.
regds
selvam.ba@rediffmail.com
Thanku PPt, I am frm chennai.may i know where the gentle person from????????
PPt Can you please send me to my mail.
selvam.ba@rediffmail.com
hi ashwin,
could u plz forward me the collection of qs u have with you for my id.
swty79@rediffmail.com
how to diffine bug in testing?
HI Swati!
How is ur preparation?
jk
Hi Rajesh,
Bug:Once the developer accepts your defect,then that is called as a bug.
what is diffrence bug report and bugtack.
Bugreport: Its a document having description abt bugs.
Bugtrack: Its the way how we are reporting the bug.
(thro tool or doc)
if am wrong let me know pls
hi ashwin
pls forward me the questionare u have…….
my id is……pola.sowmya@gmail.com
Hi,
I am new i want start my job on testing plz. send
quations & answers
rama krishna
[...] ‘New’. Later on bug goes through various stages like Fixed, Verified, Reopen, Won’t Fix etc. Click here to read more about detail bug life [...]
Hi, Friends
how to give the seviority
1.critical
2.high
3.medium
4.low
pls explain about those in bug report.
hi jk
my mail id is sridevi_delight@rediffmail.com
hi
can i know wht do u mean by test case doucument, is it necessary to have priorities in the documents.
and also test procedure
Hi Devi,
Test Case: Is a sequence of process to check the functionality of the feature or component.
A test case is also defined as a sequence of steps to test the correct behavior of a functionality/feature of an application.
“Priority” can be defined as How that particular test case impact the business or application.
If am not clear or wrong pls let me know.
thnx
jk
Wow! it sounds good
Hi Devi, these are also the benifits if u mention priority in test cases
a. You shorten the time required for testing
b. You do the best testing in the time available
c. You do more effective testing
d. You find more faults………………….
thnx
jk
Hi ashwin plz mail the qus and ans to lalitd@indiatimes.com
Hi Devi,
Test casedocument is related to The Test cases which are produced from the scenarios. And When there wonot be time, then only Priority comes into picture. Me worked in Applabs, Verizon etc… my yahoo id: santoshpalvai@yahoo.com…
Priority: It is according to the Business needs
hai Ashwin
My self Balister Panwar…………please tell we .. what is the format of test case in Real time ..testing .
my ID is Panwar.balister@gmail.com
Hi, All
Can Anyone tell me the contents of Test Plan..
@jk
priority–talks Application Issues
severity–talks Business issues!!!
say this in interview ..it makes impact buddy!!! means u have worked on real prjt..
@Mahesh
test plan consist of
1>deliverables
2>Objectivity
3>schedule & Milestone& staffing
4>risk
5>approach,assumption,aim
6>tool used,environment,
thest all are important item that shoul dpresent in TP
ping me back rahulkumarbangalore@yahoo.co.in
Hai
I am manual tester there are no any tools in my company, I am preparing Defect report format in Excel itself only and every thing is OK. But the main problem is sometime I need to send a snapshot(screens) to the development team along with Defect report. Though I keep hyperlink in the same excel file there are problem relating to links when path is changing. So I need to provide the process of sending snapshots along with defect report
@sursh
Bug tracking tools you can download from the net and configure for your company needs. One which is good of such is Qengine Issue Manager.
Enjoy… Why you want to send screen shots just add a column section\screen in your excel sheet and describe the issue too.
Cheers
george
hi ashwin, nice to meet u
This Phalguna iam working in software company i want change to MNC
If u don’t mind could u plz forward me the collection of Qs and Answers u have with you for my id.
Thanks in advance.
regds
s_phalguna@yahoo.com
how i test(convert) the project in to automation like QTP…………to testing
Hi All,
On seeing many requests, I feel that the below one would be helpful to you all.
Lets assume in your application you want to create a new user with his/her information, for that you need to logon into the applicataion and navigate to USERS menu > New User, then enter all the details in the User form like, First Name, Last Name, Age, Address, Phone etc. Once you enter all these need to click on SAVE button in order to save the user and you can see a success message saying “New User has been created successfully”.
Now you entered into your application by logging in and navigete to USERS menu > New user, entered all the information and clicked on SAVE button and now the application creashed and you can see one error page
on the screen, now you would like to report this BUG.
BUG REPORT:
Bug Name: Application crash on clicking the SAVE button while creating a new user.
Bug ID : It will be automatically created by the BUG Tracking tool once you save this.
Area Path: USERS menu > New Users
Build Number:/Version Number 5.0.1
Severity: HIGH (High/Medium/Low)
Priority: HIGH (High/Medium/Low)
Assigned to: Developer-X
Created By: Your Name
Cerated On: Date
Reason: Defect
status: New/Open/Active – Depends on the Tool you are using
Environment: Windows 2003/SQL Server 2005
Description:
Application crash on clicking the SAVE button while creating a new
user, hence unable to create a new user in the application.
Steps To Reproduce:
1) Logon into the application
2) Navigate to the USers Menu > New User
3) Filled all the fields
4) Clicked on Save button
5) Seen an error page “ORA1090 Exception: Insert values Error…”
6) See the attached logs for more information
7) And also see the attached screenshot of the error page.
Expected: On clicking SAVE button should be prompted to a success message “New User has been created successfully”.
Save the defect/bug in the BUG TRACKING TOOL.
Regards,
VijayD
Hi,
thanx for providing the detailed information about the Testing
Hi Sowmya,
This is suresh working as a Test Engineer i think better you visit following Sites these are most helpful for you http://www.stickyminds.com, http://www.qastreet.com, http://www.sqa-guide.com, http://www.testinggeek.com.
Thanks,
Suresh Balakrishnan.
bsuresh7282@gmail.com
Hi Anupriya,
This is Suresh working as a Test Engineer i have mentioned International Software testing Certification as below:
ISTQB please visit http://www.istqb.org/downloads/syllabi/SyllabusFoundation.pdf
Thanks,
Suresh
bsuresh7282@gmail.com
Hi Vijay,
Can you pls explain this :
What are the reasons for marking a bug as Invalid ?
hi
this is madhuri.i need a change iam presently working in brainstorm technologies.if at all any recruitments in u r company plz forward details to my mail
thank u
Hi,
This is santosh from hyderabad.I am also looking for a change. I am having yrs of experience and holding a valid business Visa(USA). If any recuirtments there , plz let me know. Thanks before hand. My yahoo id: santoshpalvai@yahoo.com.
hi ashwin,
could u plz forward me the collection of qs u have with you for my id.
vishal.bhavsar@manikssys.com
hi ashwin,
could u plz forward me the collection of qs u have with you for my id.
asankar@nstl.com
Hi Madhuri,
Hru doing, Any updates, any interview calls, Have u changed the job, Kindly can u update to my id: santoshpalvai@yahoo.com
Thanks Before Hand
Is Software Quality and Software Testing Equal ?
hi suresh and vijay
This is kanchan,i am working in MNC as a software test engineer.i have only one year of experience.i want to do certification .. can u suggest me any software testing related certification course to my mail id other than ISTQB.
My id is kanchan_eyes@yahoo.com
Thanks
kanchan
I need some help. Could you solve this query i got this query the other day. Any help would be appreciated
Write down any potential problems or omissions from this
Fault Log
Fault no: 278 Environment: Windows 98
Priority:3 Tester:Author
Application: Web testing
Description
When i log onto the screen DF342 I should be able to delete records. However when trying to delete records an error message appears telling mw that im not authorized
Response:
25 Aug: Programmer: Security needs to be setup providing access to the delete facility- No error
26 Aug:Tester: We had Security up and it doesnt seem to work- I have reopened this fault
Can a “closed” bug be re-opened ? remember we are talking different iterations.
there is a difference in what the diagram says about “re-opening” a bug and the text here on the page.
When do we mark the bug as “Won’t fix” and “Works for me”?
H!! Ashwin,
can u plz forward the Q.’s that u r havng
It would be very nice!!!
avinash
email : avi_nagare@rediffmail.com
@Neha,
“Won’t Fix” —>> this will be assigned by Developer.
when a bug is not effecting any functionality of the application. Then the developer will change the status of bug From “New” to “Won’t fix”.
hi…
I am the student ofpune university.We have the software testing as subject. So plz tellme the web-sites that will help me for my study….
[...] ‘New’. Later on bug goes through various stages like Fixed, Verified, Reopen, Won’t Fix etc. Click here to read more about detail bug life [...]
gh
Hi, I m Deepa
I have 4 years of experience in troubleshooting and maintenance of software, now I would like to get a job in software testing. how I can get job in software testing? pls suggest.
Hi,
Can you please tell me the difference between Test Scenario, Test Case and Test Script.
Dear Ms. Deepa (# 81),
Yes, You can. Because Impossible is nothing, When our heart is willing. Just read out my comments at
http://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/how-to-get-job-in-software-testing-quickly/
Regards,
Govardhan Reddy M,
Software Test Engineer.
“Law of win says, Lets not do it in my way or your way, But lets do it in the best way”.
Dear Ms. Akshata (# 82),
Test Case:
———–
Describes set of instructions to carry out. Besides consists of the fields test name, design step, step number, description, pass/fail criteria, etc.,
Test Script:
————
Manually written script or generated script for automation purpose.
May be covering a single test case or more than one test case at a time.
No limit of number of test cases.
Test Scenario:
—————
Group of test cases together is collectively called as test scenario.
Main intention to test the every day routine use of the DUT/AUT/SUT.
Can also be defined as testing the major part of computer program.
If all the test cases are passed, then only we can say that this scenario is passed.
Field issues/bugs/defects are almost all test scenarios only.
Regards,
Govardhan Reddy M,
Software Test Engineer.
“Law of win says, Lets not do it in my way or your way, But lets do it in the best way”.
Thanks Govardhan
Dear Govardhan Reddy JI,
I can apply For which type of jobs in software testing (FRESHERS OR EXPRNCD).COMPANY WILL TAKE(OR NOT) ANY INTEREST IN MY RESUME..
can some one tell wht is the diffrence between defect and a bug…
Dear Ms. Deepa (#86),
Pl. route your resume to my email id gova.mca@gmail.com
How can I say without looking into your profile?
Regards,
Govardhan Reddy M,
Software Test Engineer.
“Do the right thing!”
Dear Mr. Prasad S (# 87),
After 2-3 hr of google search in my free time, I collected the below information. Have a look and finalize by yourself.
*********************************
Error : Deviation for actual and the expected/theoritical value .
Bug : An Error found in the development environment before the product is shipped to the customer .
Defect : An Error found in the product itself after it is shipped to the customer .
Defect: The flaws that exist in the system and is in the knowledge of everyone and cannot be solved at that moment.
Bug: The flaws that exist in the system and the system doesn’t work according to the business logic and occurs due to improper understanding of the requirements.
Error: The flaws that exist due to improper coding and it mainly involves syntactical errors like null pointer exception in the perspective of java
error: Undesirable output whicuh negates the requirement.
Bug : Any fault in the software that is detected before the application is released
Defect : any fault or error in the software that is detected after the application is released
BUG: Un Expected Behaviour Found in Development/QA Environment before product released to Customer.
DEFECT:Same as BUG but found in realtime environment/at customer’s site.
ERROR: Any thing that is not comfirming to requirements/expected behaviour and it may be at any stage like during Development/QA or even after release of product. i.e. An Error can be a Ddefect or Bug.
Bug : Is an error found BEFORE the application goes into production
Defect :Is an error found AFTER the application goes into production
A bug is a fault found before the product is released to a client and a defect is a fault that is detected after the product is released.
An error is any discrepancy between the expected value and the actually observed value.
Bug : An Error found in the development environment before the product is shipped to the customer .
Defect : An Error found in the product itself after it is shipped to the customer .
Defect: deviation of the customer requirement
Error : Error occurs in the syntax level (syntax error) or it could be in environment, application and the resource associated with testing bed setup.
*****************************************
Regards,
Govardhan Reddy M,
Software Test Engineer.
“Results matter, Efforts won’t”
hi vijay….many thanx for such wonderful articles..can some1 answer my ques? i have been learning QC and have been practising to add defects in QC..when we talk about reporting a bug, is it equivalent to adding a defect in QC? and also some1 told me that we need to create a bug logging sheet for each bug v find…so how is a bug logging sheet different from bug report?
Have any one received industry questions and answers from Ashwin?, if yes, pls forward to
s_sophie@rocketmail.com
i need pictures now fags
i want full details abt software test life cycle..any one give??
Can u post a document, which displays compleate step of bug management in Bugzilla
wow!!!!!!!!!!!! got useful information
I am a fresher for testing team in one of the MNC.So am not getting how to start my career in testing(manual testing).I have many questions like what materials to refer,what certifications to make?Can anybody help me please???If so then please mail me to pavitrabne@gmail.com
We are using Bugzilla in our project for Bug tracking.
We have several product and under each product we have several components.
We want that bug for “each” component (for every product) should start with Bug Id = 1. How to achive this?
Currently it is based on ongoing bug id sequence last stroed for any Product/Component in the the database.
hi i want to now test defect life cycle
Hi Pavithra,
Wishes…!!
Just post your queries in this forum itself. So that anyone can answer and everyone who are with same questions can get answers.
Hi selbaa,
I dono, based on wat you said like “Only institute with best faculty and blah blah blah…”
How you evaluate other institutes…?
Hi all,
When Issue is found and it is marked as not a bug, is this issue should be closed or we need to just leave it.
Is “Not a Bug” a status in bug life cycle.
Let me know the exact thing what happens when an issue is marked as Not a bug.
Statuses of BUG life cycle:
# New
# Open
# Assign
# Verified / Confirmed
# Resolved
# Deferred
# Reopened
# Duplicate
# Rejected
# Closed
***************************
“Not a Bug” gives more than one meaning; so it is not possible to derive the meaning for this status without providing proper comment.
~ Deferred (Not a bug, but change request)
~ Feature (Not a bug, additional/missing feature)
~ Not Fixable (Not a bug, exceptional)
Hope I’m right and the answer satisfies your query.
Hi Mayasen,
Tthanks for your reply
If there is an issue which is not a bug marked as “Rejected” or “Not fixable”
In this case, what needs to be the status of the bug at the time of releasing to production.
At time of release to production all the incidents or issues needs be in closed status as per my knowledge
correct me if i am wrong.
Thanks,
Mohan.
What is the difference b/w Project Plan and Test Plan?
What all are the securities that we provide for web testing?
@James >> When we perform security testing for a web based application we do following testing:
^ Check for cookies.
^ Copy and paste url in different browser
^ Check for session time
^ Check for secure information like password, credit card details etc.
thanks vishal
Hi James,
A project plan is a plan on how to execute the entire project, timelines, resources, estimates, developement, testing, documentation and almost everything that goes into making a project.
On the other hand, a test plan is a document which deals with specific activities related to testing. It will talk about resources for testing, documentation for testing, estimates for testing and so on.
Thanks.
Thanks Priyanka.
So test plan deals with the activities related to testing(only) and project plan deals with all the activities related to the entire project(Design,Dev,testing…)
Hi Mohan, (#103)
You are right, While delivering a product all bugs should be in closed state; but not necessary to fixed. So if there is any valid reason or with respect to the spec. some of the bugs/changes/suggestions can be closed with the resolution “Not Fixable/Rejected”
Thank Q Mayasen
You are welcome mohan. (#111)
Hi James (#105),
Kindly check the web application testing page in this same forum. There you can find lot of information. Even i too shared some tips on that page. (239,243,244,245 and 246)
Wishes…!!!
Hi James, (#105)
Plz check the following link for web application testing:
http://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/web-application-testing/
thanks a lot Mayasen
You are welcome.
Your way of making people understand is really good. Thanks.
Hi,
I am working as a manual test engineer in Pune from last 3.6 years.
I would like to learn Security Testing. Please let me know if you can provide any good material or any ref.
Thanks…
Hi Friends,
After a long time i am joining the blog. Actually i was out of India for some time.
Those who want the real time interview questions please let me know. I have already sent those questions to few of you.
Regards
Ashwin
I am a fresher for testing .Can anybody help me in searching Testing Job?
Hi ashwin,
Send me the Q&A
shankusekar@gmail.com
Ashwin,
Send me the Q&A
shankusekar@gmail.com
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